We are very pleased with the interest shown in our paper and the recognition of this common clinical problem [1]. The authors provided an in-depth validation and analyses of some of the existing makeshift methods and related suction pressures; however, we did not aim to collect this sort of data in our clinical study. The purpose of our study was to determine the incidence of chest tube cloggin...

We report on the nature of flow events for the gravity-driven discharge of glass beads through a hole that is small enough that the hopper is susceptible to clogging. In particular, we measure the average and standard deviation of the distribution of discharged masses as a function of both hole and grain sizes. We do so in air, which is usual, but also with the system entirely submerged under w...

abstract bottom rack intake is one of the most appropriate structures for diverting water in steep rivers. the problems of corrosion, deformity and clogging of the bottom racks in long term, inspires a new system of bottom intake in which a filled trench of porous media is replaced by the bottom racks. diversion of a specified amount of discharge through the porous media when void space in the ...

The impact of microbial activity on fractured chalk transmissivity was investigated on a laboratory scale. Long-term experiments were conducted on six fractured chalk cores (20 cm diameter, 23-44 cm long) containing a single natural fracture embedded in a porous matrix. Biodegradation experiments were conducted under various conditions, including several substrate and oxygen concentrations and ...

Two species of earthworms, Lumbricus terrestris and Eisenia fetida, were used to de-clog sand filters purifying domestic sewage. The experimental set-up consisted of 6 filtration columns (4 research filters and 2 control filters) filled with fine sand (d60=0.2 mm, d10=0.1 mm). The sewage parameters at inflow to the filters were typical of the septic tank effluent. The filters were fed about 5.5...

Clogging occurs during mechanical tunneling with a Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) because of adhesion of clayey soils to the cutterhead and conveyor system. The present study examined the effects of water and sand contents on clogging in Montmorillonite clayeysoil. Testing was carried out using an adhesion test device on 28 samples with different water and sand contents to determine adhesionstress...

Abstract Subsurface wastewater infiltration (SWI) is an environmentally friendly technology for the advanced treatment of domestic sewage. Clogging (including physical, chemical and biological clogging) porous medium not only directly reduces hydraulic load (treatment efficiency), but also service life. Although clogging has become one key issues discussed in several reports, there are still ga...

Clogging refers to a reduction of riverbed hydraulic conductivity. Due to difficulties in determining the thickness of the clogging layer, the leakage coefficient (L) is introduced and used to quantify the recoverable portion of bank filtrate. L was determined at several riverbank filtration (RBF) sites in field tests and using an analytical solution. Results were compared with data from simila...

We present a new type of clogging DoS attacks, with the highest amplification factors achieved by off-path attackers, using only puppets, i.e., sandboxed malware on victim machines. Specifically, we present off-path variants of the Opt-ack, Ackstorm and Coremelt DoS attacks, achieving results comparable to these achieved previously achieved by eavesdropping/MitM attackers and (unrestricted) mal...

Fluid-flow-driven particle migration through porous networks reflects the interplay between various particle-level forces, the relative size between migrating particles and pore constrictions, and the spatial variability of the velocity field. Experimental evidence shows that particle migration in radial fluid flow results in selfstabilizing annular clogging patterns when the particle size appr...