It has been known for a long time that GABAergic Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex, as well as their target neurons in the cerebellar nuclei, are spontaneously active. The cerebellar output will, therefore, depend on how input is integrated into this spontaneous activity. It has been shown that input from climbing fibers originating in the inferior olive controls the spontaneous activity ...

BACKGROUND The sport of rock climbing has its own spectrum of injuries, almost half of which involve the wrist and hand. OBJECTIVE To examine the incidence of acute wrist and hand injuries in 545 members of The Climbers' Club of Great Britain. METHOD A total of 1100 questionnaires were sent to current members of The Climbers' Club of Great Britain for them to detail any hand and wrist injur...

Golgi cells are the principal inhibitory neurons at the input stage of the cerebellum, providing feedforward and feedback inhibition through mossy fiber and parallel fiber synapses. In vivo studies have shown that Golgi cell activity is regulated by climbing fiber stimulation, yet there is little functional or anatomical evidence for synapses between climbing fibers and Golgi cells. Here, we sh...

A dynamic model of running–the spring-loaded inverted pendulum (SLIP)–has proven effective in describing the force patterns found in a wide variety of animals and in designing and constructing a number of terrestrial running robots. Climbing or vertical locomotion has, on the other hand, lacked such a simple and powerful model. Climbing robots to date have all been quasi-static in their operati...

For this thesis, different algorithms were created to solve the problem of Jop Shop Scheduling with a number of constraints. More specifically, the setting of a (simplified) car workshop was used: the algorithms had to assign all tasks of one day to the mechanics, taking into account minimum and maximum finish times of tasks and mechanics, the use of bridges, qualifications and the delivery and...

This study evaluated the ability of three different messages to encourage stair climbing on the Barcelona underground. Two weeks of baseline were followed by three banner intervention periods with three different messages, each for a 2 week period. Follow-up data was gathered two weeks after removing the messages. Stair climbing increased overall [odds ratio (OR) = 1.45; 95% confidence interval...