The correlation between the averaged reconstructed March temperature record for Kyoto, Japan, and Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) over 660 years from 1230 to 1890 gives evidence with 98% probability that Little Ice Age four cold periods is forced by variations of TSI. If restricted period 1650–1890, two in 17th 19th century which independent records are available, solar forcing increases 99.99%. A...

In Bangladesh, climate change is a major concern because of its geophysical location and climate dependent agriculture. As sessile organisms, crops plants have to face difficulties often in this environmentally vulnerable country. Therefore, this study examines the seasonal trend of two climatic parameters viz. temperature (maximum and minimum) and rainfall over a period of 1983 to 2013. Beside...

effects of neglecting climatic patterns in buildings are more intense in severe climates such as tropical. it isresulting an excessive consumption of fossil fuels and consequently environmental pollutions in and after modern era. the objective of this research is to find climate-oriented intentions and solutions in tropical areas and compare them with dezful and bandar-e-lenge vernacular houses...

The effects of Quaternary climatic oscillations on the demography of organisms vary across regions and continents. In taxa distributed in Europe and North America, several paradigms regarding the distribution of refugia have been identified. By contrast, less is known about the processes that shaped the species' spatial genetic structure in areas such as the Himalayas, which is considered a bio...

Forest change and climatic variability are two major drivers for influencing change in watershed hydrology in forest–dominated watersheds. Quantifying their relative contributions is important to fully understand their individual effects. This review paper summarizes the progress on quantifying the relative contributions of forest or land cover change and climatic variability to hydrology in la...

Statistics of seasonal and daily rainfall in nine regions covering the United Kingdom are presented, together with the best currently available predictions of changes in rainfall and evaporation, based on various general circulation model (GCM) assessments of the climate 40 years ahead. On that basis, runoff sequences are generated for the region of northwest England with north Wales (NWE & NW,...

Using a one-dimensional radiative-convective model, we perform a sensitivity study of the effect of ozone depletion in the stratosphere on the surface temperature. There could be a cooling of the surface temperature by -0.2 K due to chlorofluoromethane-induced ozone depletion at steady state (assuming 1973 release rates). This cooling reduces significantly the greenhouse effect due to the prese...

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) damages most biota, yet little evidence exists for its long-term effects on natural ecosystems. We used paleoecological techniques at three low-elevation lakes to show that algal abundance in lakes was depressed 10-fold by UVR during the first millennium of lake existence. Likewise, analysis of data from a lake near treeline showed that algal biomass declined 10–25-f...