Significance Terrestrial organic-carbon reservoirs (vegetation, soils) currently consume more than a third of anthropogenic carbon emitted to the atmosphere, but response this “terrestrial sink” future climate change is widely debated. Rivers export organic sourced over their watersheds, offering an opportunity assess controls on land cycling broad spatial scales. Using radiocarbon ages biomole...

The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) collects output from global coupled ocean–atmosphere general circulation models (coupled GCMs). Among other uses, such models are employed both to detect anthropogenic effects in the climate record of the past century and to project future climatic changes due to human production of greenhouse gases and aerosols. CMIP has archived output from bot...

This report was funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. The views expressed in this report are those of the authors, and do not necessarily reflect those of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Summary Exposure to a high degree of climate risk is a characteristic feature of rainfed agriculture in the drylands of sub-Saharan Africa and parts of South Asia. A growing body of evidence l...

OBJECTIVE To determine developmental classes of glycemic control in young people with type 1 diabetes throughout adolescence and emerging adulthood and assess relationships with general family climate and self-concept. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In an eight-wave longitudinal study, 72 individuals (37 females) completed questionnaires assessing family climate (at times 1-4) and self-concept (...

[1] For most of the Northern Hemisphere Ice Ages, from 3.0 to 0.8 m.y., global ice volume varied predominantly at the 41,000 year period of Earth’s orbital obliquity. However, summer (or summer caloric half year) insolation at high latitudes, which is widely believed to be the major influence on high-latitude climate and ice volume, is dominated by the 23,000 year precessional period. Thus the ...

Among the most intriguing enigmas of the climate system is that on the one hand, the earth’s climate appears to be exquisitely sensitive to relatively minor variations in the distribution of insolation owing to orbital variations, but on the other hand it is in a grosser sense stable, in that its oceans have not frozen over (at least not in the last 500 million years) or boiled away. To this en...

Whether species will be extirpated in their current geographic ranges due to rapidly changing climate, and if so, whether they can avoid extinction by shifting their distributions are pressing questions for biodiversity conservation. However, forecasts of climate change impacts on species' geographic distributions rarely incorporate a demographic understanding of species' responses to climate. ...

long recognized.3-5 Consequently, there has been a growing interest in investigating what changes in air quality may be brought about by the possible future changes in climate. The common assumption has been that warmer temperatures accompanying climate change will enhance pollution. However, due to the complex interplay of meteorology and chemistry in the formation of pollutants such as PM2.5 ...