The objective of this study was to determine the effect of tail docking on somatic cell count (SCC), intramammary infection (IMI), and udder and leg cleanliness in commercial dairy herds. Lactating dairy cows (n = 1250) from eight Wisconsin farms were blocked by farm and randomly allocated to tail docked (D) or control (C) groups. Milk samples, somatic cell counts, and hygiene scores were colle...

BACKGROUND We analyzed data from the baseline assessment of a large intervention project to describe typical handwashing practices in rural Bangladesh, and compare measures of hand cleanliness with household characteristics. METHODS We randomly selected 100 villages from 36 districts in rural Bangladesh. Field workers identified 17 eligible households per village using systematic sampling. Fi...

We conducted a 1-year epidemiologic study in Boston, Massachusetts, beginning May 1997, to examine the associations between environmental factors and office workers' health. We recruited 98 subjects (81 females and 17 males) in 21 offices in four office buildings. We conducted environmental sampling every 6 weeks and concurrently administered detailed questionnaires to collect information on wo...

The contents of the Hittite texts and evidence archaeological survey in many sites covered by excavations countries Anatolia reflect fact that there are indications interest cleanliness, reasons for this were not limited to importance as it reflects an actual need all members society, rulers ruled, order preserve any manifestations cleanliness creation a healthy, clean environment, but also ext...

INTRODUCTION A growing proportion of the global population rely on shared sanitation facilities, despite their association with adverse health outcomes. We sought to explore differences between neighbour-shared and communal latrines in terms household demographics, accessibility, facilities and use. METHODS We conducted surveys among 295 households relying on shared sanitation in 30 slums in ...

Compared with published norms, African Americans endorse significantly more items intended to assess pathological anxiety about contamination on self-report instruments for obsessive-compulsive disorder. The current study suggests that this is not due to greater psychopathology in African Americans, but rather to differences in normal attitudes about cleanliness that also influence responses to...

Agilent Captiva Premium PES syringe filters are evaluated and compared to other suppliers’ PES and PVDF syringe filters for the risk of losing protein during filtration. Captiva Premium PES syringe filters demonstrate low protein binding with excellent recovery for biological samples, especially for ‘sticky’ proteins at low concentrations. In addition, an assessment of filter extractables on LC...