Economic models suggest that in many cases, market leakage rates of greenhouse gas abatement reach the two-digit percentage range. Consequently, the Marrakesh Accords require Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects to account for leakage. Despite this, most project proponents neglect market leakage for their project, because the influence of an individual project on market prices seems to be...

Article 17 of the Kyoto Protocol allowed emissions trading; Article 12 defined a Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). In a simple theoretical model we adapt standard gains from trade results to demonstrate that, relative to any status quo with specified worldwide aggregate emissions: first, emissions trading with a suitable international distribution of permit rights generally allows each nation ...

The Bali Action Plan (BAP) envisages enhanced “measurable, reportable, and verifiable” (MRV) developing country mitigation actions “supported and enabled by” MRV technology, financing and technology building from developed countries. Finding an acceptable operationalisation of this North/South relation will be key to a success of the BAP. The authors suggest that one way of doing so could invol...

8 We investigate how different designs for a carbon offset mechanism like the Kyoto Protocol’s Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) affect the success of self-enforcing climate treaties. In a game-theoretic numerical model of coalition formation it is shown that effects of emission trading with non-signatories are generally negative if strategic behaviour and free-rider incentives are explicitly c...

In spite of the past few decades, gasification of waste is being used in the developed countries. Reducing the space for landfill sites, producing fuel from waste, as well as avoiding negative impacts of landfilling, are of advantages of gasification. The research was aimed at feasibility study of application of Tehran municipal solid waste (MSW) gasification in addition to understanding the wa...

There is considerable well-intended, yet wishful anticipation about reducing greenhouse gas emissions by replacing fuel-based lighting in the developing world with grid-independent light-emitting diode (LED) lighting systems. Most estimates gloss over important practical realities that stand to erode a genuinely significant potential. The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is the leading system ...