Blended learning requires digital technology transformation for lecturers and students, up-to-date teaching methods, flexible processes, the effectiveness of time, space, budget, motivation, autonomy, all which contribute to improving student achievement. However, current empirical research results do not support claim that blended improves students' English proficiency autonomy. Evidence shows...

Few-Shot Learning (FSL) algorithms are commonly trained through Meta-Learning (ML), which exposes models to batches of tasks sampled from a meta-dataset mimic seen during evaluation. However, the standard training procedures overlook real-world dynamics where classes occur at different frequencies. While it is generally understood that class imbalance harms performance supervised methods, limit...

test washback is generally defined as the influence of tests on teaching and learning process. inspired by messick’s consequential validity and shohamy’s critical language testing, this critical impact study explored the transformative or reproductive practices different stakeholders undertake in relation to the detrimental impacts of konkoor in iran. the participants were 60 efl teachers, a sa...