It is known that for any class C closed under union and intersection, the Boolean closure of C, the Boolean hierarchy over C, and the symmetric difference hierarchy over C all are equal. We prove that these equalities hold for any complexity class closed under intersection; in particular, they thus hold for unambiguous polynomial time (UP). In contrast to the NP case, we prove that the Hausdorf...

If the members of a functional response class occur in a predictable order, a response-class hierarchy is said to exist. Although this topic has received some attention in the applied literature, it remains relatively understudied. The purpose of the current investigation was to develop an analogue model of a response-class hierarchy. Children with and without developmental disabilities were fi...

Evaluating rangelands means to identify and create potential and actual rangelands in order to utilize this valuable natural resource properly. Hence, one of the important factors in rangeland management is to determine range suitability and recognize factors affecting it. Weighted Linear Combination Method (WLC) is one of the most common methods used for locating and Analytic Hierarchy Process...

The use of object-oriented programming, and C++ in particular, to build reusable class libraries has proven to be a very successful programming technique. However, the flexible composition of class libraries to create application programs has received little focus. In this paper we present a tool, that automatically maps a C++ class hierarchy to an equivalent hierarchy in an interpreted languag...

In this paper we present a new approach for facilitating the maintenance, reengineering and adaptation of class libraries designed using objectoriented technology. The technique uses a new class relationship called reverse inheritance. We strive to prove that using this class relationship with it’s factoring supporting mechanism it is possible to factor features from a hierarchy, to add new fea...

A tool for generating the interface hierarchy of a set of classes for the Smalltalk-80 library is described. The tool can be useful for analyzing the class library or simply for reuse purposes by providing an alternative view that is closer to the client's perspective than the inheritance hierarchy. The interface of each class to consider is extracted directly from the Smalltalk code. From the ...

This paper investigates hierarchy extraction from results of multi-label classification (MC). MC deals with instances labeled by multiple classes rather than just one, and the classes are often hierarchically organized. Usually multi-label classifiers rely on a predefined class hierarchy. A much less investigated approach is to suppose that the hierarchy is unknown and to infer it automatically...

This paper addresses the task of functional annotation of genes from biomedical literature. We view this task as a hierarchical text categorization problem with Gene Ontology as a class hierarchy. We present a novel global hierarchical learning approach that takes into account the semantics of a class hierarchy. This algorithm with AdaBoost as the underlying learning procedure significantly out...

In this paper, we present a locking-based concurrency control scheme for object-oriented databases (OODBs). Our scheme deals with class hierarchy which is an important property in OODBs. The existing concurrency controls for a class hierarchy perform well only for specific environments. Our scheme is based on so called special classes and can be used for any applications with less locking overh...