Particularistic spending, a large literature argues, builds support for incumbents. This literature equates money spent in the district with the credit constituents allocate. Yet, constituents lack the necessary information andmotivation to allocate credit in this way.We use extensive observational and experimental evidence to showhow legislators’ credit claimingmessages—and not justmoney spent...

Evaluating performance validity is important in any neuropsychological assessment, and prior research recommends a threshold for invalid performance of two or more performance validity test (PVT) failures. However, extant findings also indicate that failing a single PVT is associated with significant changes in neuropsychological performance. The current study sought to determine if there is an...

Abstract We examine three constructions across several languages in which a mass noun is embedded what appears to be count environment, but the construction as whole remains mass. argue that discussed phenomena—“Q-noun” like lots of water , bare measure kilos sugar and pluralised nouns Greek Persian—all involve portioning-out denotation. provide structural account portioning out propose structu...

Combination formulations of liposomes with collagen have been previously introduced as a means of obtaining more stable and less permeable liposomes. In this study, the effect of aqueous solutions of the collagen products COLLAPUR? (COL) and COLLAPURON-DAK? (COLD) from Henkle Co., on the release rate of sodium chromate (CHR) as a water-soluble model drug from stable plurilamellar vesicles (SPLV...

The necessary conditions to transform hydroxyamide (1) and 2-oxazolines (2, 3) into 3- or 4-methyl benzo[f] isoquinolines (4, 5) has been established. The mechanism of these reactions has been proposed claiming the existence of the protonated 2-oxazoline (6) and the styrylamides (7) as intermediates.

The enthusiasm with which Christian authors of late Roman Gaul adopted the ideal desert asceticism is well known. There also general agreement that appeal wilderness was, for many these individuals, more rhetorical than actual. What has not been fully acknowledged extent to their attitudes were influenced by classical thought in addition biblical and hagiographical literature. To educated mind,...

Using ‘new-optics’ stylometric measures of comparative Shakespeare discrepancy we calculate the odds that the ‘Shakespeare’ scenes in STMO and Edw3 could have come by chance from a person of Shakespeare’s writing habits. For STMO, if written in the 1600’s, the ‘Shakespeare’ Hand D-plus verse portion is seven to 26 times less likely to be Shakespeare’s than Shakespeare’s own farthest-outlier bas...