Resistance gene Cf-9 of cultivated tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) confers recognition of the AVR9 elicitor protein of the fungal pathogen Cladosporium fulvum. The Cf-9 locus, containing Cf-9 and four homologs (Hcr9s), originates from Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium (Lp). We examined naturally occurring polymorphism in Hcr9s that confer AVR9 recognition in the Lp population. AVR9 recognition occ...

This study reports the first assessment of endophytic fungi isolated from strawberry leaves and selection of isolates for the control of Duponchelia fovealis, a new pest of strawberries. A total of 400 strawberry leaves of the cultivar 'Albion' were collected in four commercial farms. Leaves were disinfected, cut in fragments, and placed on Petri dishes containing potato dextrose agar media wit...

We studied the fungal flora of the conjunctival sac in 919 eyes and air-borne fungi between November 1979 and February 1980. Fungi were cultured from 39 of 587 swabs (6.6%) from healthy conjunctivas. This incidence fluctuated with the number of air-borne fungi. The incidence of positive cultures was significantly higher in diseased eyes (32 of 184 eyes; P less than .005). Under ordinary conditi...

A new fungus Cladosporium oxysporum GQ-3 producing extracellular xylanase was isolated from decaying agricultural waste and identified based on the morphology and comparison of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA gene sequence. C. oxysporum produced maximum xylanase activity of 55.92 U/mL with wheat bran as a substrate and NH4Cl as a nitrogen source. Mg(2+) improved C. oxysporum xylanase pro...

Bilobetin and 4'''-O-methylamentoflavone were isolated and identified in the needles of Taxus baccata, for the first time in this species. The antifungal activity of biflavones from T. baccata and Ginkgo biloba, namely amentoflavone, 7-O-methylamentoflavone, bilobetin, ginkgetin, sciadopitysin and 2,3-dihydrosciadopitysin towards the fungi Alternaria alternata, Fusarium culmorum, Cladosporium o...

Cladospofium resinae was grown in submerged cultures on glucose; on Jet-A commercial aviation fuel; and on a series of n-alkanes, n-decane through n-tetradecane. Cell yield was greatest on glucose and least on Jet-A; n-alkanes were intermediate. Among n-alkanes cell yield decreased as chain length increased, except for n-dodecane, which supported less growth than n-tridecane or n-tetradecane. T...

Seventeen taxa of dematiaceous fungi isolated from humans were tested to determine their responses to various concentrations of sodium chloride in vitro. Five groups of species were recognized on the basis of differing tolerances. Phaeoannellomyces werneckii was distinguished by its tolerance of greater than or equal to 15% NaCl; most dematiaceous pathogens were suppressed at less than or equal...

The vibration of fungal cultures was evaluated to determine its potential effect on the dispersal of airborne fungal microorganisms suspected of being pathogens. An artificial vibration system, which simulates the actual environmental vibration of fungal structures, was designed and constructed for this purpose. Experiments featured the use of low-frequency vibrations similar to those induced b...

The diversity of symbiotic fungi associated with the gorgonian coral Echinogorgia rebekka from the Weizhou coral reef in the South China Sea was investigated. Combined with morphologic traits, ITS-rDNA sequences revealed 18 fungal strains from this gorgonian. All of the 18 fungi belonged to the phylum Ascomycota and were distributed among seven genera in five orders: Eurotiales (Aspergillus and...