Civilians play an increasingly important and complex role in armed conflicts, both as victims and as perpetrators. While this overall trend towards ‘civilianization’ encompasses all types of present-day conflicts, it is twofold: it takes on a very different nature in high-technology warfare than in the context of low-technology combats that are typical of many civil wars. This article explores ...

Abstract This article examines how coalition forces sought to weaponise the counting of civilian casualties in Afghanistan between 2008 and 2014. Drawing on interviews with senior officials, recently declassified documents, data harm, it will explain these figures were used calibrate violence inflicted Afghan people, ensuring that commanders applied sufficient force achieve their objectives wit...

Abstract Recent Canadian research indicates 44.5% of public safety personnel (PSP) self-report symptoms consistent with at least one type mental disorder; however, researchers have typically not focused on the wellness civilians working within PSP sectors. Given that number in law enforcement organizations has doubled since 2003, more than 30% all police Canada being civilians, is needed to sup...

Robocup Rescue is a research initiative on disaster mitigation, search and rescue problems. Rescue Simulation is a sub-domain that domain aims at increasing the understanding of disasters at a macroscopic(i.e.city-wide) level and exploring new ways for disaster management. In this graduation project, we extended the simulation with a model of human crowd behavior. Also explored is, how crowds c...