In a steam power plant, the temperature of the cooling water leaving the condenser for recyclingshould decrease. This is achieved in a cooling tower. The Heller cooling tower does not require waterfor operation, thus, it is a suitable system for use in thermal power plants throughout Iran. Wind is anenvironmental factor that unfavorably affects the performance of a cooling tower. Previous studi...

A cooling water system is used in industrial processes to cool down hot process streams from their supply conditions to target temperatures. A cooling water system is comprised of three major components, namely a cooling tower, a heat exchanger network (HEN), and a pumping system; these elements have strong interactions with each other and therefore must be optimized simultaneously to yield an ...

PURPOSE Studies reporting the effect of retinal cooling on the electroretinogram of mammals have, in most cases, made use of an in vitro approach where the temperature of the retina was lowered by reducing the temperature of the bathing media. The purpose of our study was to investigate, in rabbits, the effect of in vivo retinal cooling using an experimental approach never before reported in or...

in a steam power plant, the temperature of the cooling water leaving the condenser for recyclingshould decrease. this is achieved in a cooling tower. the heller cooling tower does not require waterfor operation, thus, it is a suitable system for use in thermal power plants throughout iran. wind is anenvironmental factor that unfavorably affects the performance of a cooling tower. previous studi...

As one of the most widely used units in water cooling systems, the closed wet cooling towers (CWCTs) have two typical counter-flow constructions, in which the spray water flows from the top to the bottom, and the moist air and cooling water flow in the opposite direction vertically (parallel) or horizontally (cross), respectively. This study aims to present a simplified calculation method for c...

The water loss caused by evaporation heat dissipation is non-negligible for a natural draft counter-flow wet cooling tower (NDWCT), which evidently influenced many change factors. Based on Merkel method, the number revised in consideration of effect loss. Taking NDWCTs equipped 300MW and 600MW power plants as experimental objects, mathematical model established predicting NDWCT. accuracy verifi...

cooling towers are widely used in most industrial units to reject waste heat to the atmosphere. this paper deals with an experimental analysis of heat and mass transfer phenomena between water and air by direct contact in a cooling tower. the tower is filled with 6 type packing. in this study temperature and pressure drop and tower characteristics was used in determining experimentally the ther...

The cells of which living things are com­ posed and the single-celled microorganisms generally contain very high fractions of water. The high fraction of water in cells introduces a problem when the cells are cooled below 0°C; that is, one has to find out what happens to the water content of the cells when they are cooled to tempera­ tures at which water freezes. There are many factors involved...