The interest in Piano Key weirs (PKW) was increasing over the past years, both in terms of application and hydraulic research. Several systematic model test series were performed and published so far, originating from different hydraulic laboratories around the world. Therein, the key geometric parameters dominating the hydraulic capacity of PKWs were identified as developed crest length, trans...

Many permanent spillway tunnels of high earth-rock dams are rebuilt from their diversion tunnels. Scour problem is focused because of their high water head and velocity. Energy Approach is a new method to Estimating Scour and is used here to estimate the depth of scour downstream of 1 spillway tunnel of Zipingpu Project. The method is illustrated working fine by comparing its results with data ...

This paper presents a classification of cavitation damage levels on spillway surface. Two important factors influencing cavitation damage have been considered in this study, flow velocity and cavitation index. Based on these factors, five different damage levels from no cavitation damage to major cavitation damage have been determined. The method was applied to data of the Shahid Abbaspour dam ...

In this study an extensive experimental research is carried out to develop a better understanding of the effects of Piano Key (PK) weir geometry on weir flow threshold submergence. Experiments were conducted in a 12 m long, 0.4 m wide and 0.7 m deep rectangular glass wall flume. The main objectives were to investigate the effect of the PK weir geometries including the weir length, weir height, ...

Abstract Aeration is the process of increasing dissolved oxygen (DO) content water, which an important water quality parameter for survival aquatic life. In this process, large amounts air bubbles develop; as a result, contact surface area increases, and hence water-air-mass transfer accelerates. There are numerous methods DO concentration in including self-aeration, mechanical aeration, chemic...

The Electromagnetically Sustained Rhodes Piano is an original Rhodes Piano modified to provide control over the amplitude envelope of individual notes through aftertouch pressure. Although there are many opportunities to shape the amplitude envelope before loudspeaker amplification, they are all governed by the ever-decaying physical vibrations of the tone generating mechanism. A single-note pr...

Lip reading is known to activate the planum temporale (PT), a brain region which may integrate visual and auditory information. To find out whether other types of learned audio-visual integration occur in the PT, we investigated "key-touch reading" using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). As well-trained pianists are able to identify pieces of music by watching the key-touching movem...