Topological defects in liquid crystals (LCs) have drawn attention because they frequently control their collective structure and motion. We developed a robust straightforward methodology to prepare well-organised isolated topological using the fabrication of micro-well structures. could multiple surface each with high reproducibility. The micro-wells were prepared by capping glass substrate on ...

This research introduces the idea of ‘Circular Economy 4.0’ to reflect emergence ‘digitalised’ sustainable supply networks. While often characterised by enhanced productivity and resource/energy efficiency, current perspectives are largely descriptive with limited practical relevance. A hierarchical decision-making framework a multi-level simulation modelling optimisation technique constructed ...