Purpose One-third or more US adults, and similar numbers elsewhere, use complementary and integrative medicine (CIM). The results of previous systematic reviews of the economic impacts of CIM are limited and now out of date. The purpose of this comprehensive review is to capture and highlight for policy makers what is currently known about the economics of CIM, and to make recommendations for f...

SMEs can achieve this goal by implementing computer integrated manufacturing (CIM). The aim of CIM is to produce the required amount of the product of acceptable quality at the right time. If CIM technologies are fully integrated, the SMEs can respond rapidly to changes in product design, demand, or mix. The high investment required for AMT implementation is becoming a major hurdle for SMEs to ...

With advanced imaging, the Chiari I malformation (CIM) is more frequently diagnosed than in the past when this entity was identified most commonly at autopsy. Herein, we report the rare case of an adult cadaver found not only to have CIM but also adjacent spinal cord ischemia. This case is discussed in the context of chronic compression of the spinal cord by a CIM and the need for close monitor...

OBJECTIVE The posterior fossa (PF) has been found to be small in various forms of Chiari malformation. Explanations involving a connection between growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and Chiari I malformation (CIM) have been proposed. However, to date, no quantitative analysis of the PF of patients with CIM and GHD has been performed. Our study was performed to determine the geometry of the PF in c...

Enterprise integration is mainly concerned with coordination, communication and cooperation between many concurrent business processes executed on a wide range of distributed agents (humans, applications and resources including databsase servers) in order to improve enterprise efficiency. Computer-Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) is restricted to discrete manufacturing enterprises. The paper disc...

The approach called “Topological Functioning Model for Software Engineering” (TFM4SE) applies the Topological Functioning Model (TFM) for modelling the business system in the context of Model Driven Architecture. TFM is a mathematically formal computation independent model (CIM). TFM4SE is compared to an approach that uses BPMN as a CIM. The comparison focuses on CIM modelling and on transforma...

Virtual Reality (VR) technologies have transformed the landscape of intelligent computer based instruction and offer unique new viewpoints on the core goals of education and training. What distinguishes VR from all preceding technology is the sense of immediacy and control created by the immersion process: the feeling of “being there”. Over the last ten years, Singapore manufacturing industries...