Anaerobic fungi and ciliate protozoa represent up to half of the herbivore gut microbial biomass. They are generally recognized as mutualistic symbionts in ruminant animals since they produce a wide range cellulolytic amylolytic enzymes play key role feed degradation for host. This is particularly true anaerobic fungi, which have most potent fiber degrading known biological world. The presence ...

This study aimed at evaluating the effect of sodium monensin and protein supplementation in the enteric methane production and the population of ruminal protozoa in bovine fed Brachiaria brizantha Marandu cultivar hay. The treatments were: mineralized salt, mineralized salt with monensin, proteinenriched salt and protein-enriched salt with monensin. The experimental outline was in a 4 x 4 Latin...

The effect of temperature on the survival o/salmonellas in activated sludge was examined. The results showed that the Salmonella destruction rates increased in line with increasing temperature of the mixed liquor from 5° to 25 °C, whereas at 30 °C the rate declined markedly. This is most probably due to inactivation of ciliate protozoa at the higher temperature resulting in increased survival o...

Ciliated protozoa have two kinds of nuclei: Macronuclei (MAC) and Micronuclei (MIC). In some ciliate classes, such as spirotrichs, most genes undergo several layers of DNA rearrangement during macronuclear development. Because of such processes, these organisms provide ideal systems for studying mechanisms of recombination and gene rearrangement. Here, we describe a database that contains all s...

Many studies have been conducted on the fine structure of the "9 + 2" microtubules from cilia and flagella . The techniques used include both thin sectioning of whole cilia or flagella and negative staining of isolated microtubules . In this study, cilia from four diverse species of ciliate protozoa : Euplotes eurystomus, Spirostomum ambiguum, Tetrahymena pyriformes, and Colpoda ; and sperm fro...