Electronic-cigarettes (e-cigs) represent a significant and increasing proportion of tobacco product consumption, which may pose an oral health concern. Oxidative/carbonyl stress via protein carbonylation is an important factor in causing inflammation and DNA damage. This results in stress-induced premature senescence (a state of irreversible growth arrest which re-enforces chronic inflammation)...

Promising alternatives for solar energy utilization are thin film technologies involving various new materials. This contribution describes an easy and inexpensive synthetic method that can be used to prepare soluble nanoscale triphenyl phosphine-coordinated CIGS (TPP-CIGS) photoactive functional materials. This complex is stable in the solid state under the irradiation of the ambient light, bu...

Clinical guidelines recommend quality standards for patient care. Encoding guidelines in a computer-interpretable format and integrating them with an Electronic Medical Record (EMR) can enable delivery of patient-specific recommendations when and where needed. GLIF3 is a language for representing computer-interpretable guidelines (CIGs) and sharing them among healthcare institutions. Sharing a ...

Clinical guidelines aim to eliminate clinician errors, reduce practice variation, and promote best medical practices. Computer-interpretable guidelines (CIGs) can deliver patient-specific advice during clinical encounters, which makes them more likely to affect clinician behavior than narrative guidelines. To reduce the number of errors that are introduced while developing narrative guidelines ...

A simulation study of a Cu(In1 - xGax)Se2 (CIGS) thin film solar cell has been carried out with maximum efficiency of 24.27 % (Voc = 0.856 V, Jsc = 33.09 mA/cm(2) and FF = 85.73 %). This optimized efficiency is obtained by determining the optimum band gap of the absorber and varying the doping concentration of constituent layers. The Ga content denoted by x = Ga/(In + Ga) is selected as 0.35 wh...

This article represents the baseline data of the several semiconductor materials used in the model of a CIGS thin film solar cell with an inclusion of ZnS buffer layer. As well, input parameters, contact layer data and operating conditions for CIGS solar cell simulation with ZnS buffer layer have been described. The schematic diagram of photovoltaic solar cell has been depicted. Moreover, the m...

The solar cell structure based on copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) as the absorber layer, cadmium sulfide (CdS) as a buffer layer un-doped (i) and Aluminium (Al) doped zinc oxide (ZnO) as a window layer was simulated using the one dimensional simulation program called analysis of microelectronic and photonic structures (AMPS-1D). In the simulation, the thickness of CIGS layer was varied ...

Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS)-based solar cells have exhibited greater performance than the ones utilizing cadmium telluride (CdTe) or hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si: H) as absorber. CIGS-based devices are more efficient, considering their device performance, environmentally benign nature, and reduced cost. In this article, we proposed a potential CIGS-absorber-based cell with an ...

Abstract In this article, CuInS 2 (CIS) and Cu(In,Ga)S (CIGS) absorbers are prepared via sulfurization by a sulfur powder source for co-evaporated Cu–In(–Ga) metal precursors without toxic KCN H S. The CIS CIGS growth mechanism during their application to solar cells discussed. X-ray diffraction Raman spectroscopy analyses indicate that CuS (In,Ga) S 3 exist at the frontside backside, respectiv...