On the basis of the chromogenic reaction of chromium(VI) with 1,5-diphenylcarbohydrazide (DPC) on the surface of Polysorb C-18 beads and the sequential injection renewable surface technique (SI-RST), a highly sensitive reflect spectrophotometric method for the determination of chromium(III) and chromium(VI) was proposed. Considerations of system and flow cell design, and factors that influence ...

The mutagenicity of sodium dichromate in the Ames test was decreased as a consequence of chromium(VI) reduction by tissue postmitochondrial (S-9 or S-12) fractions from untreated rats with the following rank of efficiency: liver; kidney; and lung. The effects of lung preparations were significantly enhanced following the intratracheal administration of high doses (0.25 mg/kg) of dichromate itse...

A method is introduced for recuperation of chromium(VI) in water samples by liquid-liquid extraction with tributylphosphate PO(C4H9O)3 (TBP) from acidic chloride media. The optimum conditions for quantitative extraction of Cr(VI) were evaluated by varying the experimental parameters, such as the shaking period, the pH of the aqueous phase, the hydrochloric acid concentration, the hydrogen and c...

An iron (III)-impregnated sorbent was prepared from sugarcane bagasse and ferric chloride solution via carbonization/activation in a muffle furnace at 500 C for 4 h. The adsorption removal of chromium (VI) from aqueous solution by the iron (III)-impregnated sorbent was then studied in a batch system. With increasing initial chromium (VI) concentration from 25 to 130 mg/L at an adsorbent dose of...

Copper and hexavalent chromium are heavy metals that are harmful to human health. Natural adsorbent chitosan, due to its considerable properties such as the presence of functional groups of –NH2 and -OH, non-toxicity, low cost, and biocompatibility, has gained much attention in pollutant removal. Therefore, in the present study, adsorption of chromium (VI) and copper (II) ions was conducted in ...

Chromium has two main valence states: hexavalent chromium (Cr[VI]) and trivalent chromium (Cr[III]). Cr(VI), a well-established human carcinogen, can enter cells by way of a sulfate/phosphate anion-transport system, and then be reduced to lower-valence intermediates consisting of pentavalent chromium (Cr[V]), tetravalent chromium (Cr[IV]) or Cr(III) via cellular reductants. These intermediates ...

Chromium-VI would impose detrimental effects morphological, physiological, and metabolic in plants. This study aimed to research the impact of citric acid (0, 2.5 and 5 mM), on different the morphological and physiological characteristics of garden cress exposed to chromium-VI stress (0, 1, and 10 mM). Results showed that some growth parameters, chlorophyll, carotenoids, and DPPH activity decre...

Magnetically separable photocatalyst beads containing nano-sized iron oxide in alginate polymer were prepared. This magnetic photocatalyst beads are used in slurry-type reactors. The magnetism of the catalyst arises from the nanostructured particles gamma-Fe(2)O(3), by which the catalyst can be easily recovered by the application of an external magnetic field. These synthesized beads are sunlig...

Chromium compounds are potent toxic and carcinogenic substances. With respect to toxicity, hepatic and renal toxicity have been reported both in workers and in animals exposed to chromium (VI). Chromium (VI) compounds induces DNA damage in vivo and in cultured cells as well as the cytotoxicity evaluated by the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase. The present study reports the cytotoxicity of chrom...