Although the monogenomic genera of the Triticeae have been analyzed in numerous biosystematic studies, the allopolyploid genera have not been as extensively studied within a phylogenetic framework. We focus on North American species of Elymus, which, under the current genomic system of classification, are almost all allotetraploid, combining the St genome of Pseudoroegneria with the H genome of...

Few studies of cpDNA have provided evolutionary and/or phylogenetic information at the intraspecific level. We analyzed restriction site variation using 19 endonucleases in 37 populations representing both diploid (2n = 14) and autotetraploid (2n = 28) Tolmiea menziesii. Seven restriction site mutations and five length mutations were observed. Although diploid and tetraploid Tolmiea have been i...

The small, relatively constant size and conservative evolution of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) make it an ideal molecule for tracing the evolutionary history of plant species, At lower taxonomic levels, cpDNA variation is easily and conveniently assayed by comparing restriction patterns and maps, while at higher taxonomic levels, DNA sequencing and inversion analysis are the methods of choice for co...

The objective of this research was to establish a chloroplast transformation technique for Platymonas (Tetraselmis) subcordiformis. Employing the gfp gene as a reporter and the bar gene as a selectable marker, transformation vectors of P. subcordiformis chloroplast were constructed with endogenous fragments rrn16S-trnI (left) and trnA-rrn23S (right) as a recombination site of the chloroplast ge...

If we could extract, purify, and visualize the intact DNA molecules from chloroplasts, what would those molecules look like? Most would expect to find circular DNA molecules the size of the chloroplast genome. By contrast, however, only a small fraction of the DNA obtained from chloroplasts is found as genome-sized circles. The reasons for this profound discrepancy are the subject of this artic...

Fortunella venosa (Rutaceae) is an endangered species endemic to China and its taxonomic status has been controversial. The genus contains a variety of important economic plants with high value in food, medicine, ornamental. However, the placement Genus into Citrus led controversy on taxonomy Systematics. In this present research, Chloroplast genome F. was sequenced using second-generation sequ...

The evolutionary history of the common chloroplast (cp) genome of the allotetraploid Arabidopsis suecica and its maternal parent A. thaliana was investigated by sequencing 50 fragments of cpDNA, resulting in 98 polymorphic sites. The variation in the A. suecica sample was small, in contrast to that of the A. thaliana sample. The time to the most recent common ancestor (T(MRCA)) of the A. suecic...

The genus Citrus contains many economically important fruits that are grown worldwide for their high nutritional and medicinal value. Due to frequent hybridizations among species and cultivars, the exact number of natural species and the taxonomic relationships within this genus are unclear. To compare the differences between the Citrus chloroplast genomes and to develop useful genetic markers,...

Scrophularia dentata is an important Tibetan medicinal plant and traditionally used for the treatment of exanthema and fever in Traditional Tibetan Medicine (TTM). However, there is little sequence and genomic information available for S. dentata. In this paper, we report the complete chloroplast genome sequence of S. dentata and it is the first sequenced member of the Sect. Tomiophyllum within...