non-gonococcal infections causes are made up of chlamydia trachomatis (one of the most common infection non-gonococcal), ureaplasma urealyticum (a possible causal in acute pyelonephritis, pelvic inflammatory disease, curiuamniutis, bacterial vaginosis, preterm birth, non-gonococcal urethritis, miscarriage, infertility and spontaneous abortion), gardnerella vaginalis and streptococcus agalactiae...

Because epithelial cells are the major cell type productively infected with Chlamydia during genital tract infections, the overall goal of our research was to understand the contribution of infected epithelial cells to the host defense. We previously showed that Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) is the critical pattern recognition receptor in oviduct epithelial (OE) cells that is stimulated during Ch...

BACKGROUND Nationally representative surveys of chlamydia and gonorrhea are an important measure of disease burden and progress of screening programs. OBJECTIVE To measure chlamydia and gonorrhea prevalence in the United States. DESIGN Analysis of sexual history information and urine specimens collected in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1999-2002. SETTING U...

Over the past two decades, a number of studies have failed to provide direct evidence of specific microbial chronic infection in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). However, a recent report suggests that there is a specific association of Chlamydia pneumoniae in patients with PBC and that C. pneumoniae or similar antigens might play a role in the pathogenesis of disease. To determine if Chlamydia ...

BACKGROUND Chlamydia trachomatis infections in pregnancy can cause maternal disease, adverse pregnancy outcomes and neonatal disease, which is why chlamydia screening during pregnancy has been advocated. The effectiveness of a screening program depends on the knowledge of health care professionals, women and partners and the acceptability for screening of the target population. We assessed the ...

BACKGROUND Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) results from the ascending spread of microorganisms from the vagina and endocervix to the upper genital tract. PID can lead to infertility, ectopic pregnancy and chronic pelvic pain. The timing of development of PID after the sexually transmitted bacterial infection Chlamydia trachomatis (chlamydia) might affect the impact of screening interventions,...

Chlamydia infections cause substantial morbidity worldwide and effective prevention will depend on a vaccine. Since Chlamydia immunity is T cell-mediated, a major impediment to developing a molecular vaccine has been the difficulty in identifying relevant T cell Ags. In this study, we used a combination of affinity chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry to identify 13 Chlamydia peptides am...

The first genital tract isolates of Chlamydia A were obtained from parents of babies suffering from TRIC ophthalmia neonatorum, by growth in the yolk sac of fertile eggs 1964). It was noted that the fathers of these babies were frequently suffering from non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) and that the mothers often showed changes in the cervix. The isolation of Chlamydia from two of nine un-selecte...

The intracellular human bacterial pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis pursues effective strategies to protect infected cells against death-inducing stimuli. Here, we show that Chlamydia trachomatis infection evokes 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDPK1) signaling to ensure the completion of its developmental cycle, further leading to the phosphorylation and stabilization of MYC. Using...

Erythema multiforme major (EMM) is an acute, self-limited mucocutaneous disease characterized by the abrupt onset of symmetrical fixed red papules evolving to target lesions. It is triggered mainly by infections, such as herpes simplex virus (HSV) and Mycoplasma pneumoniae, or drugs. In instances of extensive skin lesions with "giant" targets, prominent involvement of several mucous sites and f...