Two studies examined how children conceive of the true and pretend identities of an object Used in object-substitution pretense. In each study, 3and 4-year-olds were assessed for their memory for each identity of an object that they used in a previous episode of pretend play (Study l ) or observed someone else using (Study 2). More children correctly remembered the true than the pretend identit...

Bahasa yang dipelajari dan dikuasai anak dapat dilihat dari kemampuan berbahasa dimilikinya. Selama masa ini, terbentuk berkembang dengan pesat yaitu perkembangan fisik bahasa. Kemampuan merupakan suatu hal sangat penting karena bahasa digunakan, seorang berkomunikasi berinteraski teman temannya. juga membantu untuk meminta meraih apa diinginkan, melatih kontrol diri berinteraksi orang lain.Ana...

We greatly appreciate the astute comments on Lillard et al. (2013) and the opportunity to reply. Here we point out the importance of keeping conceptual distinctions clear regarding play, pretend play, and exploration. We also discuss methodological issues with play research. We end with speculation that if pretend play did not emerge because it was naturally selected (due to helping causal reas...

Although Montessori education is often considered a form of playful learning, Maria Montessori herself spoke negatively about a major component of playful learning—pretend play, or fantasy—for young children. In this essay, the author discusses this apparent contradiction: how and why Montessori education includes elements of playful learning while simultaneously eschewing fantasy. She conclude...

Young children’s pretend play is considered in the context of the development of collective intentionality. It is argued that (i) early pretending is an essentially social and culturally acquired form of action, and (ii) early social pretend play can be considered as the first form of true collective intentionality in ontogeny – involving shared cooperative activities and even some rudimentary ...

abstract background: childhood cancers are fatal diseases which cause intense stress and traumatic situations for the ones who experience those diseases. this kind of an emotionally hard life may create some hardships for developing self‑concept. the aim of the study is to put forth the self‑exposure of a school‑age child by using plays. materials and methods: six play sessions had been carried...