OBJECTIVE Season of birth has repeatedly been found to be a risk indicator for adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Several explanations for this finding have been put forward but no conclusion has been reached. In the current study, we explored the role of sociodemographic and biological factors in the association between season of birth and child IQ. DESIGN In a prenatally recruited birth c...

Using rich longitudinal data from the Philippines, we causally estimate the transmission of maternal health to child health, from birth through preadolescence. To obtain exogenous variation in maternal health we exploit an array of data on climate (temperature, precipitation and cyclone) shocks surrounding the time of the mother’s birth and during her early childhood. This large set of instrume...

The goal of this study is to address directly the predictive value of birth inputs and outputs, particularly birth weight, for measures of early childhood development in a simultaneous equations modelling framework. Strikingly, birth outputs have virtually no structural/causal effects on early childhood developmental outcomes, and only maternal smoking and drinking during pregnancy have some ef...

BACKGROUND When an ultrasound-based estimate of gestational age (GA) is less (greater) than an estimate based on a definite last menstrual period, the fetus may grow slower (faster) than average. While the association between these discrepancies in GA estimates and adverse perinatal outcomes has been examined extensively, there is scant evidence about long-term effects, such as child neurodevel...

It was hypothesized that a short interpregnancy interval immediately following the birth of an infant that had succumbed to sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) (and no other cause of death) would be associated with a reduced mean birth weight in the next infant. Mothers who had given birth to two children in the state of Oregon between 1975 and 1984 and whose first child had died in infancy fro...

Mothers of a child with intellectual disability (ID) have more psychiatric disorders after the birth of their child than other mothers. However, it is unclear if this is because they have more psychiatric disorders before the birth or if the increase is related to the burden of caring for the child. We aimed to calculate the rate of new psychiatric disorders in mothers after the birth of their ...

GIVING BIRTH IS A UNIQUE EVENT. Apart from being a crucial physiologic process for mother and child, it is a psychological, social and sociological phenomenon. If it is a first birth for a young and recently wed girl, she becomes a mother, of a different and elevated status. In some societies this status is further enhanced if the newborn is a male. In ordinary circumstances, the birth of a chi...

the government of the united republic of tanzania has initiated the integrated management of childhood illness program to improve the health and wellbeing of children.tanzania's under-five mortality rate is still 1.7 times higher than the world average and, in order to achieve its millennium development goal 4 target, its annual reduction rate is quite low at 2.2. the main aim of the study is t...