The supramolecular arrangement of organic semiconductors in the solid state is as critical for their device properties as the molecular structure, but is much more difficult to control. To enable supramolecular design of semiconducting materials, we introduced dipyrrolopyridine as a new donor semiconductor capable of complementary hydogen bonding with naphthalenediimide acceptors. Through a com...

Solution-processable small molecules for organic solar cells have attracted intense attention for their advantages of definite molecular structures compared with their polymer counterparts. However, the device efficiencies based on small molecules are still lower than those of polymers, especially for inverted devices, the highest efficiency of which is <9%. Here we report three novel solution-...

Hybrids consisting of macroscopic superconducting circuits and microscopic components, such as atoms and spins, have the potential of transmitting an arbitrary state between different quantum species, leading to the prospective of high-speed operation and long-time storage of quantum information. Here we propose a novel hybrid structure, where a neutral-atom qubit directly interfaces with a sup...

Excitonic effects are introduced in standard semiconductor device modelling of solar cells. Previous work by the groups of Green and of Zhang is extended here to also include field dependent exciton dissociation in the space charge layer (SCL) of a np diode, and exciton surface dissociation or charge transfer at the contact or at the junction. A clear result is that it is possible to apply the ...

– Background charge rearrangements in metallic single–electron transistors are modelled in two–level tunnelling systems as a Poisson process with a scale parameter as only variable. The model explains the recent observation of asymmetric Coulomb blockade peak spacing distributions in metallic single–electron transistors. From the scale parameter we estimate the average size of the tunnelling sy...

A graphene lateral spin valve structure with asymmetric contacts is presented for the first time, with enhancement of spin angular momentum absorption in its receiving magnet. The asymmetric device with tunneling barrier only at the injector magnet shows a comparable spin valve signal but lower electrical noises compared to the device with two tunneling barriers. We also report experimental mea...

The nanostructured ZnO/copper oxide (Cu2O) photovoltaic devices based on electrospun ZnO nanofibrous network and electrodeposited Cu2O layer have been fabricated. The effects of the pH value of electrodeposition solution and the Cu2O layer thickness on the photovoltaic performances have been investigated. It is revealed that the pH value influences the morphology and structure of the Cu2O layer...

Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC) redox shuttles other than triiodide/iodide have exhibited significantly higher charge transfer resistances at the dark electrode. This often results in poor fill factor, a severe detriment to device performance. Rather than moving to dark electrodes of untested materials that may have higher catalytic activity for specific shuttles, the surface area of platinum d...

one of the most dazzling events in the atmosphere is lightning. during updrafts in the life cycle of cumulus clouds, collision of graupels and ice crystals in the presence of liquid water results in vertical separation of electrical charges and lightning. there are four types of lightening depending on the location of discharge. the first type is cloud-to-ground lightning or fork lightning that...

The transient response of a nanoinjection infrared photon detector was studied by exploring the relation between lateral charge transfer and jitter. The jitter of the device was measured to be 15 ps at room temperature. The jitter was almost independent of the pulse power, even after device saturation. Spatial maps for delay and amplitude were acquired. The carrier velocity was extracted from t...