We have performed real-time excited state simulations of electron injection and charge recombination at a dye/semiconductor interface within the framework of time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). We found that by inserting a phenyl ring into the organic dye, the charge recombination rate is slowed down by about four times, while the injection rate keeps almost the same. This introdu...

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Suppressing nonradiative deactivation of charge transfer (CT) states is pivotal to realizing further improvements in the power conversion efficiencies polymer solar cells (PSCs). According energy gap law, decay rate constant knr scales exponentially with decreasing CT state ECT; thereby, as long governed by a decrease ECT will inevitably increase and hence efficiency. Here, we report dynamics g...

The charge loss due to initial recombination was measured for various therapy level ionization chamber types. Different methods were applied. Measurements were performed in Co beams, pulsed high-energy photon beams and pulsed high-energy electron beams. The results are mutually consistent within less than 0.05 %. Within this uncertainty initial recombination and diffusion do not depend on the r...