To stabilize the feedback loop of a PLL a lead-lag filter is used, implemented by driving the charge-pump current to a series resistor capacitor network [1]. While many designs have created the needed resistor using the resistance of an amplifier [2], and even made this resistor track the operating frequency [3], all these loops suffer from periodic noise on the control voltage caused by the sm...

In this work, two high-voltage charge pumps are introduced. In order to minimize the area of the pumping capacitors, which dominates the overall area of the charge pump, high density capacitors have been utilized. Nonetheless, these high density capacitors suffer from low breakdown voltage which is not compatible with the targeted high voltage application. To circumvent the breakdown limitation...

The proposed circuit is a dual-chain Dickson type charge pump making use of both active and passive charge transfer switches in order to achieve a compromise between power efficiency, circuit complexity and device reliability. The charge pump is capable of sourcing up to 500 μA at 10 V output voltage for supplying the error amplifiers of two NMOS Low Drop Out (LDO) linear regulators as part of ...

We report fully automated self-calibrating formaldehyde analyzers relying on a hybrid flow format and include operational scheme and design details. Long-term operation is made possible with the use of syringe pumps. Four identical analyzers were built and showed low LODs of 120 pptv or better (S/N =3) and good linearity over 0-50 ppbv HCHO concentration range (r > 0.9960). The analyzer can res...

It ́s common practice in designing switchedcapacitor converters (SCC ́s) to keep charge-pump (CP) switches continuously commuting at light loads [1-2]. However, the resulting simplification in the control circuitry is frequently objected, as the switching dissipation prevails over the average power delivered to the load. Since the converter efficiency is degraded, such an approach does not comply...

This paper describes how the power efficiency of fully integrated Dickson charge pumps in advanced smart power technologies can be improved considerably by implementing charge recycling techniques and the replacement of normal PN junction diodes by pulse-driven active diodes. These 2 methods are first analyzed and compared on a purely theoretical basis and are verified with experimental data af...

To investigate alternative mechanisms generating artificial circulation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), an electrical model of the circulation was developed. Heart and blood vessels were modeled as resistive-capacitive networks; pressures in the chest, abdomen, and vascular compartments as voltages; blood flow as electric current; blood inertia as inductance; and the cardiac and ven...

The A and J series of prostaglandins (PGs) accumulate in the nuclei to suppress the proliferation of cancer cells. Here we report that Delta7-PGA1 methyl ester, a synthetic anti-cancer PG, increased the level of mRNA for the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 in human leukaemia HL-60 cells. The induction of p21 was associated with the accumulation of hypophosphorylated retinoblastoma protein...