A review is presented of the effect of electrostatic discharge (ESD) on the operation of capacitive microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) structures. Charge injected into the devices can result in failures due to air gap breakdown, stiction, dielectric breakdown and a no operation mode. The dynamic effects of leaky dielectric layers and air gap space charge are also examined.

In this article, we study the coupled mode space approach to nonequilibrium Green’s function NEGF simulation. When the lateral confinement of nanoscale devices changes abruptly and the correlation functions arising from coupled mode effects are improperly evaluated in the current and charge density calculations, it becomes difficult to solve nonequilibrium Green’s function equations self-consis...

We consider extensions of the standard model containing additional heavy particles (“quirks”) charged under a new unbroken non-abelian gauge group as well as the standard model. We assume that the quirk mass m is in the phenomenologically interesting range 100 GeV–TeV, and that the new gauge group gets strong at a scale Λ < m. In this case breaking of strings is exponentially suppressed, and qu...

Electron multiplying charge coupled devices (EMCCDs) have revolutionized the world of low light imaging by introducing on-chip multiplication gain based on the impact ionization effect in the silicon. They combine the sub-electron readout noise with high frame rates. Signal-to-noise Ratio (SNR) is an important performance parameter for low-light-level imaging systems. This work investigates the...

An internally analog, externally digital architecture for parallel vector–matrix multiplication is presented. A threetransistor unit cell combines a single-bit dynamic random-access memory and a charge injection device binary multiplier and analog accumulator. Digital multiplication of variable resolution is obtained with bit-serial inputs and bit-parallel storage of matrix elements, by combini...

A novel and versatile implementation for analog defuzzification with fixed singleton coefficienls is introduced. It is based on differential pairs with multiple input floating gate transistors and on Gilben uanslinearcells. The singlcton cocfficients are determined by relative capacitance values. Experinlental results of a breadboard prototype that verify the proposed schemc are shown.

By using the sixth order WKB approximation we calculate for an electromagnetic field propagating in D-dimensional Schwarzschild and Schwarzschild de Sitter (SdS) black holes its quasinormal (QN) frequencies for the fundamental mode and first overtones. We study the dependence of these QN frequencies on the value of the cosmological constant and the spacetime dimension. We also compare with the ...

Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein (HP-NAP) is involved in H. pylori-associated gastric inflammation. HP-NAP is also a vaccine candidate, a possible drug target, and a potential diagnostic marker for H. pylori-associated diseases. Previously, we purified recombinant HP-NAP by one-step diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) negative mode chromatography by collecting the unbound fraction at pH 8...

We report upon an analysis of the vibrational modes that couple and drive the state-to-state electronic transfer branching ratios in a model donor-bridge-acceptor system consisting of a phenothiazine-based donor linked to a naphthalene-monoimide acceptor via a platinum-acetylide bridging unit. Our analysis is based upon an iterative Lanczos search algorithm that finds superpositions of vibronic...