We propose an approach for approximating electrostatic charge distributions with a small number of point charges to optimally represent the original charge distribution. By construction, the proposed optimal point charge approximation (OPCA) retains many of the useful properties of point multipole expansion, including the same far-field asymptotic behavior of the approximate potential. A genera...

We present a method for the rankwise distributed multipole analysis of an arbitrary distribution of charge and its surrounding field. Using the superposition principle, the electrostatic field created by a distribution of charge can be resolved recursively into the contributions of a set of intrinsic multipole moments "tied to" their rank-specific multipole centers. The positions of the multipo...

The charge distribution on the surface of a biased conductive, finite-length, cylindrical nanotube, free standing above an infinite grounded plane, is investigated. The diameter range of the cylinder tube under study is 20–60 nm, which is much larger than the screening length, meaning the quantum and statistical effects on the charge distribution are negligible. The relationship between the cha...

Topological charge distributions in 2 dimensional CP 2 model with θ-term is calculated. In strong coupling regions, topological charge distribution is approximately given by Gaussian form as a function of topological charge and this behavior leads to the first order phase transition at θ = π. In weak coupling regions it shows non-Gaussian distribution and the first order phase transition disapp...

 Using the SEM analysis technique, we present the first direct evidences of the non-uniform distribution of charges trapped in the dielectric layer during the actuation of electrostatic MEM devices. We highlight the importance of the contact quality to control the charge injection in the dielectric. We further incorporate the non-uniform charge distribution in a 2D model of the actuation of de...

in this paper, numerical investigation of a flat passive micromixer with heterogeneous surface properties that the flow through it, is driven by the electroosmotic flow have been presented. the governing equations, which consist of a laplace equation for the distribution of external electric potential, a poisson equation for the distribution of electric double layer potential, modified navier-s...

Polymeric particles and liposomes are efficient tools to overcome the low immunogenicity of subunit vaccines. The aim of the present study was formulation and optimization of a new cationic lipid-modified PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) as a delivery system for Mycobacterium tuberculosis HspX/EsxS fusion protein. The cationic lipid-modified PLGA NPs containing HspX/EsxS fusion protein were prepared us...