We model a real-world case problem as a price competition model between two leader-follower supply chains that each of them consists of one manufacturer and one retailer. T he manufacturer produces partially differentiated products and sells to market through his retailer. The retailer sells the products of manufacturer to market by adding some values to the product and gains margin as a fracti...

As one of the emerging non-thermal technologies, pulsed light (PL) facilitates rapid, mild and residue-free microbial surface decontamination of food and food contact materials. While notable progress has been made in the characterization of the inactivation potential of PL, experimental data available on the tolerance development to the same (homologous) stress or to different (heterologous) s...

Synaptogenesis is thought to be mediated by cell adhesion proteins, which induce the initial contact between an axon and its target cell and subsequently recruit and organize the presynaptic and postsynaptic protein machinery required for synaptic transmission. A new study by Linhoff and colleagues in this issue of Neuron identifies adhesion proteins of the LRRTM family as novel synaptic organi...

The invariant imbedding evolution equations for the amplitude reflection and transmission coefficients of a disordered 1D chain are shown to follow from the continuum limit, for weak disorder, of recursion relations between reflection (transmission) coefficients of Anderson chains of N andN−1 atoms embedded in infinite non-disordered chains. We show that various available analytical and numeric...

Differences in price dynamics across retail chains, even for identical products, offer the opportunity to provide new insights into determinants of transmission. Specifically, we highlight role strategic complementarity and mark-up elasticities as factors underpinning Using supermarket data on a sample orange juice coffee products from seven largest chains UK, results show that ignoring exerts ...

We report atomic resolution Z-contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy images that reveal the incorporation of I atoms in the form of helical chains inside single-walled carbon nanotubes. Density functional calculations and topological considerations provide a consistent interpretation of the experimental data. Charge transfer between the nanotube walls and the I chains is associated ...