Transforaminal (TF) approach is preferred by physician to interlaminar (IL) approach because it can deliver injectates directly around nerve root and dorsal root ganglion, which is regarded as main pain sources. Axial neck pain is originated from sinuvertebral nerve located in ventral epidural spaces, which has been described to be related to central or paramedian disc herniation. It is very qu...

STUDY DESIGN A randomized, double-blind, active controlled trial. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of cervical interlaminar epidural injections of local anesthetic with or without steroids in the management of chronic neck pain and upper extremity pain in patients with disc herniation and radiculitis. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Epidural injections in managing chronic neck and upper e...

background & aim: lumbosacral pain is extremely common as age increases. spinal instrumentation is sometimes recommended for lumbar canal stenosis and disk herniation surgery. this study aimed at studying the frequency of instrumentation in patients referring to our center. methods & materials/patients: this retrospective cross-sectional study included 1200 patients with low back and/or radicul...

we evaluated the specific pattern of pre- and postoperative neurological signs and symptoms of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (csm) to determine [mdings which had a predictive value for surgical outcome. consecutive patients with csm caused by osteophytic ridge or intervertebral disc herniation who underwent anterior cervical decompression and fusion in loghman hakim hospital from 1999-2003 we...