purpose: to describe the clinical findings, preoperative radiologic findings and results of surgery in a patient with congenital bilateral hypoplasia of medial rectus muscle case report: a 50-year-old man presented with large angle incomitant horizontal deviation with marked deficit of adduction of both eyes. mri finding defined very thin medial rectus muscle. intraoperatively medial rectus mus...

We report a unique case of vertebrobasilar transient ischemic attacks manifesting as isolated, recurrent, orthostatic dizziness with posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) stenosis. A 57-year-old male patient without past medical history, presented brief for 2 weeks. There was no associated nausea, vomiting, diplopia, or weakness. On neuro-otologic examination, the did not show spontaneous...

The variations knowledge of the cerebral arterial circle (CAC) is relevant due to its influence on development ischemic encephalic disorders. Among these variations, when external diameter posterior communicating artery exceeds caliber, we have a fetal conformation this circle. aim study was describe CAC in Chilean individuals and know type conformation. Thirty adult brains were used measure le...

Background Intracranial arterial variations are a frequent finding in the general population. Knowledge of these vascular variations has significant clinical impact because some of them predispose patients to development of an aneurysm or cerebrovascular ischemic disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency of intracranial vascular variations and associated vascular lesions ...

PURPOSE Reduced flow in the internal carotid artery (ICA) is related to cerebral ischemia. We established a classification of reduced ICA flow through color-coded carotid duplex (CCD) sonography. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 25,000 CCD images in sonography laboratory. RESULTS Reduced ICA flow [flow volume (FV) less than 100 mL/min] was found in 1.2% of all studies, and 270 patients w...

We investigated the function of Lhx2, a LIM homeobox gene expressed in developing B-cells, forebrain and neural retina, by analyzing embryos deficient in functional Lhx2 protein. Lhx2 mutant embryos are anophthalmic, have malformations of the cerebral cortex, and die in utero due to severe anemia. In Lhx2-/- embryos specification of the optic vesicle occurs; however, development of the eye arre...

sion of the tumor, the anterior and the middle cerebral arteries were normally visualized through the posterior cerebral arteries and the rami splenii in the vertebral angiogram. 7) Angiographic examination of a case of 10 year-old boy which was followed-up for a period of 5 years revealed that the collaterals from the rete mirabile became more and more richer with a remarkable decrease in the ...

Received March 20, 2017; revised manuscript received July 16, 2017; accepted August 1, 2017; released online September 1, 2017 Time for primary review: 45 days Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (K.M., S.F., K.S., A.T., T.O., N.N., S.Y.), Department of Pediatric Cardiology (H.O.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan Mailing address: Shigefumi Fukui, MD, PhD, Department ...

A 52-year-old woman presented with a 10-year-history of memory loss and executive dysfunction. Examination disclosed hypopigmented whorls and linear streaks following the lines of Blaschko in different body segments (Figure 1), typical of Hypomelanosis of Ito (HI). Brain MRI showed marked enlarged Virchow-Robin spaces (Figure 2). HI or incontinentia pigmenti achromians (MIM#300337) represents a...

In this paper, we present 2 rare cases of persistent embryonic anastomoses. In one case, the patient presented with persistent trigeminal artery along with multiple foci of cerebral infarction as well as central retinal artery thrombosis. In the other case, the patient had direct anastomosis of the vertebral artery with ipsilateral external carotid artery as well as pontine infarction, aneurysm...