A new parenteral cephalosporin, cephanone, was studied in vitro.

BACKGROUND Guidelines for empirical treatment of hospitalized patients with pneumonia provide specific recommendations for antibiotic selection that are primarily based on findings from observational studies. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of 27,330 community-dwelling, immunocompetent Medicare patients (age, >65 years) with pneumonia who were hospitalized in 1998-1999 and 2000-200...

A novel cephalosporin esterase (EC 3.1.1.41) from Rhodosporidium toruloides was purified to gel electrophoretic homogeneity. The enzyme is a glycoprotein with a molecular mass of 80 kDa. Upon deglycosylation, several forms of the enzyme were observed with a molecular mass range between 60 and 66 kDa. The isoelectric point of the enzyme is approximately 5.6, with the pH optimum for activity occu...

Reemerging infections occur due to resistant bacteria. Such infections create restrictions for clinicians and microbiologists in drug selection. Such problems demand new strategies for solution. Use of bacteriocins for this purpose may be fruitful. In the present research work, the inhibitory effects of bactericins on cephalosporin resistant Escherichia coli are used as model system for the con...

Lack of knowledge of the exact chemical structure of cephalosporin antigenic determinants has hindered clinical interpretation of adverse reactions to these drugs and delayed understanding of the mechanisms involved in the specific recognition and binding of IgE molecules to these antigenic determinants. We further resolve the relationship between structure and activity of proposed antigenic ch...

The inhibitory activities of representative beta-lactam compounds, such as penicillins G and N, cephalosporins C and G, clavulanic acid, nocardicin A and thienamycin against Escherichia coli KN-126 and Bacillus megaterium KM peptidoglycan transpeptidases were studied. Their modes of action against E. coli are discussed on the basis of the results and the published binding data for penicillin bi...

The empirical combination of both a beta-lactam and glycopeptide to counter potential staphylococcal pathogens may improve the clinical outcomes for cases of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. We reported comparative in vitro studies of combination effects of different cephalosporins (i.e., cefazolin, cefmetazole, cefotaxime, and cefepime) combined with glycopeptides for 34 randomly selected met...

Receipt of a broad-spectrum cephalosporin is a strong risk factor for isolation of broad-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacter species, and yet the risk from other broad-spectrum beta-lactams hydrolyzed by group 1 beta-lactamases has not been well characterized. We compared the risk conferred by broad-spectrum cephalosporins to that conferred by piperacillin-tazobactam, alone or in comb...

Enterococci are ubiquitous inhabitants of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. However, antibiotic-resistant enterococci are also major causes of hospital-acquired infections. Enterococci are intrinsically resistant to cephalosporins, enabling growth to abnormally high densities in the GI tract in patients during cephalosporin therapy, thereby promoting dissemination to other sites where they cause...