BACKGROUND/AIMS The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) has recommended the use of ranibizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and for diabetic macular oedema (DMO) as part of its health technology appraisal process. In the economic evaluations of both interventions, utility values were derived from members of the general public wearing contact lenses...

There has been no perimetric index or scoring method available to quantify both glaucomatous and neuro-ophthalmic threshold field defects on a continuum, with emphasis on neuronal correlates and presumed damage. The absolute-relative-total scotoma (ARTS) scoring algorithm identifies the percentage of absolute, relative and total scotoma components of static threshold perimetric results. ARTS sc...

PURPOSE To report a case of central serous chorioretinopathy after solar eclipse viewing. CASE REPORT A middle-age man developed a sudden-onset unilateral scotoma after viewing a partial solar eclipse in Hong Kong. Fundus examination, fluorescein angiography, and optical coherence tomography showed features compatible with central serous chorioretinopathy. The patient was managed conservative...

Physiological alterations in cortical neurons are induced during adaptation to an artificial scotoma, a small homogeneous patch within a dynamic random noise or patterned background. When the dynamic noise is replaced by an equiluminant gray background, a twinkling aftereffect can be seen in the location of the artificial scotoma. Following binocular adaptation, we discovered that the perceived...

PURPOSE It has been suggested that crowding, the adverse low-level effect due to the proximity of adjacent stimuli, explains slow reading in low-vision patients with absolute macular scotomas. According to this hypothesis, crowding in the vertical dimension should be released by increasing the vertical spacing between lines of text. However, studies with different experimental paradigms and onl...

knife). In order to gain space for the operative procedures I first did a sub-mucous resection of the septum. The operation was performed under morphia and scopolamine with local applications of cocaine paste. At the operation no sign of pus or secretion was seen. The walls of the ethmoid cells and sphenoid sinuses were thin. After-history: August 13 operation, August 19 nasal condition good. V...

CASE REPORT We report the case of a 64-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis and Sjögren's syndrome, treated during 48 months with hydroxychloroquine that was removed after an ophthalmological evaluation showed bilateral vision loss associated with paracentral scotoma in the visual field, fundoscopic macular pigmentary changes, and severely impaired central multifocal electrorretinogram (mfE...

PURPOSE Using a scanning laser ophthalmoscope, it was found that some patients with relative central scotomas reliably used two different preferred retinal loci (PRLs) at different stimulus illuminances. This article describes adaptations in a patient's PRL for fixation when dimming the stimulus increased the relative scotoma size. METHODS Twenty-eight patients with macular diseases had their...

PURPOSE Acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR) is characterized by an acute zonal loss of outer retinal function with minimal ophthalmoscopic changes in one or both eyes. We present a patient with AZOOR whose ultrastructural and functional findings were followed for 8 months. CASE A 22-year-old woman developed an acute central scotoma in her right eye. Her best-corrected visual acuity (...