Motherhood Wage Penalty in Times of Transition Motherhood is usually associated with lower wages due to a number of reasons such as career interruptions, potentially decreased productivity/effort, and discrimination. Earlier literature provides a range of estimates from an up to 20% wage penalty in economies with more flexible labor markets to virtually zero in more family-supportive settings. ...

In the context of the trend toward delayed parenthood, this study examines whether older maternal age is associated with greater psychological maturity and whether greater psychological maturity provides any adaptive benefit during the transition to motherhood. A sample of 240 predominantly English-speaking Australian women in a metropolitan area expecting their 1st baby (mean age = 32.81 years...

Motherhood exists in all women, regardless who they are. However, the difference is terms of magnitude motherhood that reflect she a good mother and bad mother. As prostitutes, were always associated with unfit mothers, would bring negative morale to children. Thus, this study aims review parenting among prostitutes by applying Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Two major keywords determined b...

BACKGROUND Teenage motherhood is relatively common in the UK, but little is known about related health inequalities in this population. We estimated cause-specific mortality risks over three decades in a nationally representative cohort. METHOD We examined premature mortality in a 1.1% sample of all women who were teenagers in England and Wales during the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s using data fro...

Title of Document: FEMALE GANG MEMBERS AND DESISTANCE: MOTHERHOOD AS A POSSIBLE EXIT STRATEGY? A QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF FLEISHER AND KRIENERT (2004) Jennifer Anne Varriale, Master of Arts, 2006 Directed By: Professor Shawn Bushway, Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice This study sought to evaluate differential gang processes as they vary by gender through a quantitative analysis of ...

This article explores the experiences of 10 educated middle-class Singaporean women who act in contrast to state's neoliberal focus on continuous employment, opting-out full-time professional work intensively parent their children. Using theoretical lens intensive motherhood and a qualitative longitudinal approach, we explore how these legitimize position, highlighting culturally specific perfo...