Petroleum coke is processed into calcined coke in a rotary kiln, where the temperature profiles of flue gas and coke bed are highly nonuniform due to different flow and combustion mechanisms. Motivated by saving energy costs, the effect of refractory brick's thermal properties on potential energy savings is investigated. This study focuses on investigating potential energy savings by replacing ...

The amount of different persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the input of waste incinerators was compared to that in the output. Three cases were considered: a rotary kiln incinerating hazardous waste, a grate furnace incinerating municipal solid waste (MSW) and the same grate furnace co-incinerating plastics of waste of electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) and automotive shredder resi...

The increasing interest in small-scale renewable-energy plants for distributed power generation has led to a demand for suitable software tools to study and develop control systems able to manage advanced integrated systems. Biomass, as a renewable energy resource, needs to be processed if it is to be exploited in small CHP units and pyrolysis is one of the options available for transforming so...

Abstract The processing of belite cement clinker in a rotary kiln at about 1000°C CO 2 atmosphere is new recycling option for Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) waste that otherwise must be landfilled. Waste fine fractions from sorting facility enriched sulfate due to intermixing with plaster have been processed. During clinkering the phase (Ca SiO 4 ) besides technical ellestadite, 10 (SiO 3 (S...

Dust exposure levels were studied in a cement factory in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, as part of an epidemiological study assessing chronic respiratory health effects. One hundred and twenty personal 'total' dust samples were collected from 80 randomly selected workers from eight a priori occupational groups (OGs) based on work areas using a 37 mm Millipore sampler. The between-group, within-group ...

Improving the quality of cement while reducing energy costs its production is one most important tasks industry. Cement properties are determined by hydration activity clinker minerals. In turn, minerals degree disorderliness crystal cell. The disorder cell depends on chemical composition minerals, type and concentration modifying additives. It also modes synthesis, both during firing cooling. ...

In this work, the feasibility of implementing a waste heat recovery system based on capture radiation emitted from surface rotary kiln is evaluated by coupling CFD analysis and process modelling including mass, energy, exergy balances. It found potential up to 4980 kW with an annulus absorber panel which extends 30 m length reaches average temperature 240 °C. Such could be used generate 864.25 ...

PT. Semen Indonesia Tbk. (Persero) merupakan salah satu pabrik yang menghasilkan semen sebagai bahan baku pembangunan atau konstruksi dari skala kecil sampai proyek besar, mana utama 80% batu kapur, 15% tanah liat dan 5% campuran lainnya. Dimana terdapat beberapa proses terjadi meliputi crusher, raw mill, kiln, finish mill packing. Proses kiln adalah bagian pembentukan setengah jadi. Kiln digun...

The cement industry is one of the most energy and carbon-intensive industries. The energy and carbon reduction is an important issue in this industry. The present work considers the use of alternative fuels in the cement kilns. The amounts of excess air, the location of fuel and air entrance, as well as the amount of produced gas stacks, are the main design and operational variables in the kiln...