Abstract Cerebral malaria (CM) is a severe complication of P. falciparum infection and leading cause death, globally. Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) C57BL/6 mice serves as murine model CM called experimental cerebral (ECM) due to the neurological neuropathological features that simulate human CM. A putative mechanism disease in requires CD8 T cell infiltration into brain blood-brain barrier disr...

There are many techniques to knock out directed genes in bacteria, some of which have been described in Salmonella species. In this study, a combination of SOEing PCR method and the λ Red disruption system were used to disrupt phoP gene in wild type and standard strains of Salmonella typhimurium. Three standards PCR and one fusion PCR reactions were performed to construct a linear DNA including...

Circadian rhythms refer to the endogenous rhythms that are generated to synchronize physiology and behavior with 24-h environmental cues. These rhythms are regulated by both external cues and molecular clock mechanisms in almost all cells. Disruption of circadian rhythms, which is called circadian disruption, affects many biological processes within the body and results in different long-term d...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cerebral ischemia initiates cascades of pathological events such as edema, blood-brain barrier breakdown, and tissue degeneration. Thrombin activation is a key step in coagulation, and thrombin has recently been shown to mediate endothelial permeability and cellular toxicity in vitro. We examined the effect of thrombin on vasculature during ischemia in vivo. METHODS Foc...

When a cell suffers a plasma membrane disruption, extracellular Ca(2+) rapidly diffuses into its cytosol, triggering there local homotypic and exocytotic membrane fusion events. One role of this emergency exocytotic response is to promote cell survival: the internal membrane thus added to the plasma membrane acts as a reparative "patch." Another, unexplored consequence of disruption-induced exo...

BACKGROUND Cell disruption strategies by high pressure homogenizer for the release of recombinant Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) from Pichia pastoris expression cells were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) based on the central composite design (CCD). The factors studied include number of passes, biomass concentration and pulse pressure. Polynomial models were used to corre...

The role of actin filaments and microtubules in 3D cell morphology was investigated using confocal laser scanning microscopy and image analysis based on a region-growing method. Fibroblasts were treated with cytochalasin D or colchicine to disrupt the actin filaments or microtubules, respectively, and the structure and distribution of these cytoskeletal filaments were observed using a confocal ...

We have cloned the Hansenula polymorpha SWI1 and SNF2 genes by functional complementation of mutants that are defective in methanol utilisation. These genes encode proteins similar to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Swi1p and Snf2p, which are subunits of the SWI/SNF complex. This complex belongs to the family of nucleosome-remodeling complexes that play a role in transcriptional control of gene expres...

SopE/SopE2 Salmonella enterica Guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Rho family GTPases Stimulation of actin reorganization and bacterial entry into nonphagocytic cells; nuclear responses SptP (N terminus)/YopE/ ExoS (N terminus) S. enterica/Yersinia spp./Pseudomonas aeruginosa GTPase-activating protein (GAP) Rho-family GTPases Recovery of the actin cytoskeleton after bacterial internalizati...

supplier selection is one of the most critical activities of purchasing management in supply chain and managers increasingly face sourcing decisions of how to selected suppliers. this paper illustrates the development of a sourcing decision that provides support for the buyer firm in supply chain.the models developed here, involved selecting between single and dual sourcing. outside and local s...