Herpes simplex virus types 1 (HSV-1) and 2 (HSV-2) are members of the Herpesviridae family. About 40% to 80% of the world populations are infected with HSV and its prevalence is high in Iran. The high prevalence of this virus in the community and the ability of the virus in causing fatal diseases among immunocompromised patients, have encouraged studies to be performed on HSV and suitable cell ...

Interleukin 2 (IL-2) receptors are expressed on activated T cells and in select T-cell leukemias. Recently, it has been demonstrated that at least two classes of receptor for IL-2 exist with markedly different affinities for ligand. All known biological actions of IL-2 have been correlated with occupancy of high-affinity sites; the function of the low-affinity sites remains unknown. Receptor-me...

HTLV-1 [HTLV (human T-cell lymphotrophic virus) type 1] is associated with a number of human diseases. HTLV-1 protease is essential for virus replication, and similarly to HIV-1 protease, it is a potential target for chemotherapy. The primary sequence of HTLV-1 protease is substantially longer compared with that of HIV-1 protease, and the role of the ten C-terminal residues is controversial. We...

Critical donor selection and testing increases the safety of blood transfusion by excluding donors at risk of transmitting infections. This study investigated the seroprevalence of and risk factors for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among accepted and deferred blood donors in Jamaica. A total of 1015 blood donors consisting of 794 (78%) accepted donors and 221 (22%) deferred donors pres...

Sir, Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is a peripheral T-cell malignancy caused by human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type I (HTLV-I). The characteristic clinical features of ATL include generalized lymphadenopathy, leukemic cells of T-cell origin with highly convoluted nuclei, skin involvement, hypercalcemia and rapid progress of the clinical course. Relatively high rates of HTLV-I infection ...

Pathogens, especially viruses, evolve abilities to utilize cellular machineries to facilitate their survival and propagation. Post-translational modifications (PTMs), especially phosphorylation and SUMOylation, that reversibly modulate the function and interactions of target proteins are among the most important features in cell signaling pathways. PTM-dependent events also serve as one of the ...

Background: Bovine leukaemia virus (BLV) is the primary cause of enzootic bovine leukaemia which belongs to the HTLV/BLV group of oncogenic retroviruses including Human T-cell leukaemia virus types 1, 2, and 3 and simian T-lymphotropic virus. Due to daily consumption of milk, meat and other dairy by-products, a possible role in appearing human cancers can be assumed for BLV. Materials and Metho...

c-Met is a tyrosine kinase receptor for hepatocyte growth factor and suggested to be involved in oncogenesis ormetastatic phenotypes in many malignancies. Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is a neoplasia characterized by massive invasion of the leukemic cells into various organs. Recently, we have reported frequent hepatic involvement and the relationship between liver invasion and the poor prognosis...