The goal of this study was to determine whether a substantial decrease in adult neurogenesis influences epileptogenesis evoked by the intra-amygdala injection of kainic acid (KA). Cyclin D2 knockout (cD2 KO) mice, which lack adult neurogenesis almost entirely, were used as a model. First, we examined whether status epilepticus (SE) evoked by an intra-amygdala injection of KA induces cell prolif...

Relapsed or refractory Burkitt's lymphoma often has a poor prognosis in spite of intensive chemotherapy that induces apoptotic and/or necrotic death of lymphoma cells. Rapamycin (Rap) brings about autophagy, and could be another treatment. Further, anti-CD19-targeted liposomal delivery may enable Rap to kill lymphoma cells specifically. Rap was encapsulated by anionic liposome and conjugated wi...

In rats, of the Wistar-Porton strain, a single intravenous injection of 1.25 mg Cd2+ between days 9 and 15 of gestation results in a high incidence (80% of hydrocephalus, together with other malformations in the fetuses, examined on day 20. This dose is critical, since 1.1 mg Cd2+/kg is not teratogenic, while 1.35 mg Cd2+/kg kills all the embryos. Intravenous injection of Cd2+ to the pregnant r...

The CD58 binding site on human CD2 was recently shown by nuclear magnetic resonance structural data in conjunction with site-directed mutagenesis to be a highly charged surface area covering approximately 770A2 on the major AGFCC'C" face of the CD2 immunoglobulin-like (Ig-like) NH2-terminal domain. Here we have identified the other binding surface of the CD2-CD58 adhesion pair by mutating charg...

We have shown previously that primary dendritic cells and monocytes express equal levels of CD14 but are distinguishable by the presence of CD2 on dendritic cells. CD2 is known to mediate the activation of T and natural killer (NK) cells through its interaction with CD58. CD2 epitopes recognized by anti-T111, -T112, and -T113 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are present on dendritic cells. Here we ...

We formulate a general analysis to determine the two-dimensional dissociation constant (2D Kd), and use this method to study the interaction of CD2-expressing T cells with glass-supported planar bilayers containing fluorescently labeled CD58, a CD2 counter-receptor. Both CD2 and CD58 are laterally mobile in their respective membranes. Adhesion is indicated by accumulation of CD2 and CD58 in the...

CD2 subserves both adhesion and signal transduction functions in T cells, thymocytes, and natural killer (NK) cells. In mature T lymphocytes, CD2-mediated signaling function apparently requires surface expression of T cell receptors (TCRs) . In contrast, in CD2+CD3NK cells and thymocytes, signal transduction through CD2 is TCR independent . To resolve this paradox and characterize TCR-independe...

This study addresses the role of the tyrosine kinase ZAP-70 in CD2-mediated T cell activation. Patients lacking ZAP-70 have few mature CD8+ T cells and high numbers of CD4+ T cells that are nonfunctional upon TCR triggering. Such a patient with a homozygous deletion in the zap-70 gene that resulted in the complete absence of ZAP-70 protein expression has been identified. Expression of the tyros...