laparoscopy or minimally-invasive surgery is a surgical technique in which the surgical operations are performed via a few small incisions. this kind of surgery has fewer complications over open surgery. finding methods for shortening the time of laparoscopic surgeries can improve operating room efficiency. an approach to shortening the time of laparoscopic surgeries is identifying the interrup...

From March 1990 to May 1993,309 patients underwent redo cardiac surgery operation at the Shahid Rajai Heart Hospital in Tehran. Early mortality rates in these patients showed a significant increase in comparison to patients undergoing open heart surgery for the first time. Late mortality (at least one month after surgery) in the patients was slightly increased also but less than early morta...

despite enjoyed the arabic language of eloquence and rhetoric as long as penmazjha known and methods of high was the rhyme style of the artistic styles and aesthetic that have not yet idahha the campaign of the koran and went down in the verses of which was allocated by this method named sdjaa or comma which had been marked since the first hilth bajazath that grabbed the hearts of listeners qui...

patients and methods in this retrospective, cross-sectional study, the medical records of all deceased neonates hospitalized in fatemieh hospital of hamadan, during a 5-year period (2006 – 2011) were extracted. a questionnaire including sex, weight, gestational age, time of birth, delivery mode, maternal disease, and leading cause of death was filled out. the information was then analyzed using...

in july 2003, the bellagio study group on child survival estimated that the lives of 6 million children could be saved each year if 23 proven interventions were universally available in the 42 countries re-sponsible for 90% of child deaths in 2000. the aim of this study was to determine frequency of important causes of mortality among under-5 year old children in hospitals, tehran, iran. inform...

The social gradient in health describes a graded association between an individual’s position on the social hierarchy and health: the lower the socioeconomic position of an individual, the worse their health. The fact that the social gradient extends from the highest echelons of society to the lowest suggests that everyone is affected to a greater or lesser extent by the social determinants of ...