ing cholangioscopy using the reusable 0.77-mm SpyGlass fiberoptic probe (Boston Scientific, Massachusetts, USA) with two double-lumen endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) cannulae. The TandemXL cannula (Boston Scientific) is a 7-Fr double-lumen catheter with a 5.5-Fr tip (●" Fig. 1a), and the Swing-tip cannula (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) is a 9-Fr single-lumen catheter with a 4.5-F...

OBJECTIVES To identify risk factors in 60 cases of mediastinitis amongst 2512 patients (2.3%) subjected to isolated coronary bypass surgery from March 1988 through December 1995, treated by a closed irrigation/drainage system. PATIENTS AND METHODS The mean age of the 60 patients was 56.9 +/- 6.8 years (45-81 years) and 55 (91.6%) were male. Early mediastinal reexploration was performed in all...

Primary emergency considerations in urology from the critical care perspective include hemorrhagic, obstructive, infectious, and ischemic processes, in addition to a wide variety of general postoperative difficulties that may warrant emergent intervention. Oncologic emergencies also arise in urology and may require urgent critical care management. Urologic trauma (addressed in a separate sectio...

the use of diagnostic and therapeutic methods for assessing pulmonary vein due to its status as a main source of ectopic beats for the initiation of atrial dysrrythmias is strongly recommended.   we report the case of a 13-year-old girl who was admitted to our hospital with the electrocardiogram manifestation of an ectopic atrial tachycardia. the focus of arrhythmia was inside the right upper p...

background: the current study was designed to compare the complications and adverse eff ects of central venous catheter (cvc) insertion under ultrasound guidance in patients with and without coagulopathy. materials and methods: in this clinical trial,59 patients who needed cvc for various reasons were enrolled. patients were divided into two groups of those with and without coagulopathy based o...

Objective: To compare the safety and efficacy of plasmakinetic enucleation of the prostate (PKEP) with holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) in the treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). Patients and methods: Retrospective analyses were performed on 360 cases of BPH, 180 treated by PKEP and 180 treated by HoLEP at our institution between January 2008 and January 2011. The s...