Tree-width and its linear variant path-width play a central role for the graph minor relation. In particular, Robertson Seymour (1983) proved that every tree~$T$, class of graphs do not contain $T$ as has bounded path-width. For pivot-minor relation, rank-width take over from tree-width As such, it is natural to examine if rank-width. We first prove this statement false whenever tree caterpilla...

We describe seven new species of Spathidexia (Diptera: Tachinidae) reared from Area de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG), northwestern Costa Rica. All were reared from -various species of ACG caterpillars during an ongoing inventory of caterpillars, their food plants and their parasitoids. By coupling morphology, photographic documentation, life history and molecular data, we provide a clear and co...

Let G be a simple graph. If we place p pebbles on the vertices of G, then a pebbling move is taking two pebbles off one vertex and then placing one on an adjacent vertex. The optimal pebbling number of G, f ′(G), is the least positive integer p such that p pebbles are placed suitably on vertices of G and for any target vertex v of G, we can move one pebble to v by a sequence of pebbling moves. ...

We consider the problems of finding spanning k-caterpillars and k-trees in graphs. We first show that the problem of whether a graph has a spanning kcaterpillar is NP-complete, for all k ≥ 1. Then we give a linear time algorithm for finding a spanning 1-caterpillar in a graph with treewidth k. Also, as a generalized versions of the depth-first search and the breadth-first search algorithms, we ...

We present a case report of a 5-year-old boy with presumed anaphylaxis to the caterpillar, Lophocampa maculata, manifesting as the acute development of diffuse urticaria and progressive dyspnea. This reaction required prompt treatment with antihistamines and a bronchodilator. Allergen scratch testing with a homogenized caterpillar extract suggests that immunoglobulin E-mediated type I hypersens...

The Controlled English we have developed for Caterpillar is designed to reduce translation costs by facilitating machine translation. It is also preferred by English-speaking readers of the resulting documents. The approach to machine translation and the resulting design of the Controlled English were optimized to Caterpillar's environment and requirements, including a very high document and tr...

We present a novel, yet simple, technique for the speciication of context in structured documents that we call caterpillar expressions. Although we are applying this technique in the speciication of context-dependent style sheets for HTML, XML, and SGML documents, it is clear that it can be used in other environments such as query speciication for structured documents and for computer program t...