The cash flow statement is the third principal financial statement in a corporate financial report. It presents the cash inflows and outflows for the period, together with certain net cash flow subtotals, foremost being net cash flow from operating activities (henceforth NCFO). Under the cash flow statement classification rules of both the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB Statement No...

The paper questions whether cash payments, in any post-industrial economy, are merely a barbarous relic of the past and whether they should be replaced by e-money. Our analysis aims to demonstrate that, being faster and more ‘expendable’ than bank transfers, cheques and other forms of credit, liquid money represents a natural drive towards economic flexibility and growth. From a behavioural per...

For millions around the globe, digital payment apps such as Venmo are replacing cash as the preferred method of payment between friends and vendors. Apps like Venmo bring a unique blend of convenience and social interactions into financial transactions. In this paper, we study the role of social relationships in the adoption of the Venmo digital payment system. We collect records of all 91 mill...

We document cash management patterns for households that are at odds with the predictions of deterministic inventory models that abstract from precautionary motives. We extend the Baumol–Tobin cash inventory model to a dynamic environment that allows for the possibility of withdrawing cash at random times at a low cost. This modification introduces a precautionary motive for holding cash and na...

What makes e-money special relative to cash? How does the introduction of electronic money improve the functioning of a payment system, in which cash is used as an incumbent payment instrument? This paper adopts a mechanism design approach to identify the essential features of e-money that improve the effi ciency of the economy. We build a micro-founded general equilibrium model to compare the ...

Electronic cash (E-cash) is the digital counterpart of cash payment. They allow users to spend anonymously unless they “double spend” their electronic coins. However, it is not possible to prevent users from misbehaving under some other subjective definitions of misbehavior, such as money laundering. One solution is to incorporate a trusted third party (TTP), which, upon complaint, uses its pow...

Electronic cash should be revocable in order to nullify the effect of attacks mounted by a capable attacker (e.g., double spending by reverse-engineering tamper-resistant devices). For prudent engineering considerations, cash revocability forms a necessary complementary measure to using tamper-resistant devices, adding system security while lowering system cost by reducing the level of physical...

Nigerian payment system is cash-driven because cash is the main mode of payment. Cash based transaction is risky and cumbersome and unhealthy for any economy. The Central Bank of Nigeria introduced a cash policy in 2011 to ensure that cash-based transactions are kept to the barest minimum. Among the initiatives is the introduction of Point of Sale (POS) to business organisations. This paper inv...

The major considerations in designing a secure system are (1) simplicity of the algorithms involved, (2) eeciency of the implementation, and (3) provable security; these attributes contribute to the \elegance" of a system, easing its implementation (and limiting the possibility of errors) and the burden on system resources. Anonymous oo-line electronic cash (e-cash) systems provide transactions...