Purpose Football tailgating is a focus of campus sustainability in the United States because it produces large amounts waste. In states where recyclables can be redeemed for cash, this waste also resource earning income. University officials face challenge encouraging proper disposal, cleaning up efficiently and coexisting productively with income-earning recyclers. This paper aims to understan...

Research on earnings management is very interesting to the attention of researchers, because results several previous studies are diverse, so assumptions and restrictions object research needed. This study examines effect free cash flow, profitability, leverage, firm size, growth earning management. The population was manufacturing company metal similar sub-sector listed Indonesia Stock Exchang...

This study aims to investigate the impact of deviation from optimal level of cash holdings on adverse selection and moral hazard problems. The data set includes 106 listed firms of Tehran Stock Exchange during the period of 2005-2016 and both panel data and cross-sectional data multivariate regressions were utilized in different stage of analysis to test the hypotheses. According to the optimal...

considering the present situation of the society that increasing inegulity led to deprivation progression and according to impact of huge institution of waqf (endowment) at resolving such problems, it is necessary to make an opportunity that new subject such as cash waqf being studied and examined. the aim of this paper is to study the theoretical and jurisprudential views and analysis the bene...

A model is developed in which an industry of N $ 1 firms is privatised. The ‘participation’ method of privatisation is used, whereby firms are sold for cash, but the state retains a proportionate share of ownership. In each firm the new private owner has the opportunity to make a reorganisational investment, before output is produced. This investment is unobservable by the state, and therefore ...

Small cash transactions, electronic or otherwise, can have their overhead costs reduced by Transactions Using Bets (TUB), using probablistic expectation (betting) as a component. Other types of protocols may also beneet from this idea.