It is unclear whether the different histologic subtypes of epithelial ovarian carcinoma have different risk factors. We investigated the relationships between selected epidemiologic variables (i.e., parity, family history of ovarian cancer, oral contraceptive use, a history of tubal ligation and noncontraceptive estrogen use) and the major histologic subtypes of epithelial ovarian cancer in a h...

Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are widely prescribed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. They were reported to have vasculoprotective properties like a reduction in carotid artery intima-media thickness progression (1) but may also reduce bone formation and favor bone loss (2,3). The decoy receptor osteoprotegerin, a member of the receptor activator of nuclear factorB ligand/osteoprotegerin system...

Given how infrequent this observation has been in our cohort of patients, we propose that a large-scale study with a nested casecontrol design would be necessary to determine whether this clinical observation is representative of a true association. Unfortunately, such a study would be expensive and difficult to carry out, especially because AERD itself is so rare and patients with AERD having ...

Genetic Correlation Between Schizophrenia and Epilepsy Neuropathological, clinical, and epidemiological data suggest that schizophrenia and epilepsy are associated.1 Reported estimates of the prevalence of schizophrenia among people with epilepsy vary, depending on phenotypic definition, but may be around 7%.2 One hypothesis to account for the relationship is that the 2 diseases share a common ...

In this issue of the Journal, Schuurman et al. (1) investigate the association between several anthropometric measures and the risk of prostate cancer among approximately 60,000 male participants of the Netherlands Cohort Study. In many ways, their findings echo the results of most previous cohort and casecontrol studies on this topic in that they are largely inconclusive. As discussed by Schuu...

To the Editor: Fox et al. used computer-assisted telephone interview (CATI) techniques in an outbreak of cryptosporidiosis (1). Australian health agencies have used CATI for several years. A case-control study during an outbreak of Salmonella Mbandaka in 1996 employed CATI to interview 15 casepatients and 45 controls; contaminated peanut butter was implicated (2). Foodborne disease outbreaks ar...

Dengue fever (DF) is globally emerging mosquito born viral disease. Pakistan is at high risk of dengue fever due to unavailability of vaccine, crowded cities, inadequate sanitation, unsafe water and large number of refugees. The present study was intended to investigate the epidemiology of DF in Faisalabad, Pakistan. This was a retrospective study to measure the frequency and distribution of th...

Background: Alcohol consumption increases breast cancer risk. Some studies suggested that this association is stronger or limited to tumors expressing estrogen receptors (ER). Methods: We investigated the role of alcohol according to ER and progesterone receptor (PR) status in a casecontrol study on breast cancer conducted from 1991 to 1994 in three Italian areas. Cases were 989 women with inci...

Cox proportional hazards regression analysis of survival data and conditional logistic regression analysis of matched case-control data are methods that are widely used by epidemiologists. Standard statistical software packages accommodate only log-linear model forms, which imply exponential exposure-response functions and multiplicative interactions. In this paper, the authors describe methods...

Methods: This was a prospective, analytical, cross-sectional casecontrol study. The study sample comprised 22 eyes from 11 patients and 33 eyes from 17 patients in the case and control groups respectively. RNFLT was measured with a model 3000 OCT unit (Stratus OCT-3TM, Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc., Dublin, CA). The fast RNFL protocol was used, which consists of three consecutive 3.4 mm-diameter circ...