The Monte Carlo (MC) method for high-energy photon and charged particle transport is the most accurate for dose calculations in radiotherapy. However, the large amount of computing time required by general purpose MC codes has prevented their use for routine dose distribution calculations for customized radiation treatment planning. One of the best ways to provide an accurate dose distribution ...

Background: Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been shown as a good radiosensitizer. In combination with radiotherapy, several studies with orthovoltage X-rays have shown considerable dose enhancement effects. This paper reports the dose enhancement factor (DEF) due to GNPs in 18 megavoltage (MV) beams. Materials and Methods: Different geometrical 50-nm GNPs configurations at a concentrati...

MOTIVATION In molecular biology, as in many other scientific fields, the scale of analyses is ever increasing. Often, complex Monte Carlo simulation is required, sometimes within a large-scale multiple testing setting. The resulting computational costs may be prohibitively high. RESULTS We here present MCFDR, a simple, novel algorithm for false discovery rate (FDR) modulated sequential Monte ...

Hardware Acceleration of a Monte Carlo Simulation for Photodynamic Therapy Treatment Planning William Chun Yip Lo Master of Science Graduate Department of Medical Biophysics University of Toronto 2009 Monte Carlo (MC) simulations are widely used in the field of medical biophysics, particularly for modelling light propagation in biological tissue. The iterative nature of MC simulations and their...

Tumor vascular patterns of advanced breast cancers are complex and heterogeneous. Near infrared (NIR) optical tomography has great potential to image tumor vascular and hypoxia patterns. The simulation of NIR diffusion in turbid tissue is indispensable to accelerate the practice in clinic. In this article, the two popular simulation methods, Finite element (FEM) and Monte Carlo (MC), are compar...

Purpose The dosimetry procedure by simple superposition accounts only for the self-shielding of the source and does not take into account the attenuation of photons by the applicators. The purpose of this investigation is an estimation of the effects of the tandem and ovoid applicator on dose distribution inside the phantom by MCNP5 Monte Carlo simulations. Material and methods In this study,...

Under supercoiling constraints, naked DNA, such as a large part of bacterial DNA, folds into braided structures called plectonemes. The double-helix can also undergo local structural transitions, leading to the formation of denaturation bubbles and other alternative structures. Various polymer models have been developed to capture these properties, with Monte-Carlo (MC) approaches dedicated to ...

We propose a new computational methodology that couples reference interaction site model (RISM) and molecular dynamics (MD) or Monte Carlo (MC) simulation methods for determination of solvation free energies. We employ the RISM formulation of solvation free energy. The correlation functions entering this expression are derived from radial distribution functions supplied by MD or MC simulations,...

Lattice Monte Carlo (MC) simulations provide an efficient method for exploring the structure and phase behavior of block polymer melts. However, the results of such simulations may differ from the equilibrium behavior of a hypothetical infinite system as a consequence of the finite size of the simulation box. Standard finite-size scaling techniques cannot be employed to remove the effects of a ...

We investigated a custom Monte Carlo (MC) platform in the generation of opto-physiological models of motion artefact and perfusion in pulse oximetry. With the growing availability and accuracy of tissue optical properties in literatures, MC simulation of light-tissue interaction is providing increasingly valuable information for optical bio-monitoring research. Motion-induced artefact and loss ...