objective: to determine the effectiveness of counseling in reducing anxiety of nulliparous pregnant women. materials and methods: in this quasi-experimental study, 110 nulliparous pregnant women were selected out of all pregnant women referring to fatemieh hospital in hamadan, iran. then, the subjects were divided into two groups in experimental and control (55 women in each). the data were col...

frozen section and touch imprint cytology are important diagnostic procedures for surgeons during operation and must be accurate if the patient is to receive maximum benefit. to assess the accuracy of intraoperative pathologic consultation including frozen section and touch imprint cytology during a five year period (1995- 2000), a retrospective survey of 1000 consecutive cases of frozen sectio...

this review tried to describe the historical development of consultation-liaison (cl) psychiatry and psychosomatic medicine in the world and iran. it also aimed to present a classification of different models of patient care and service delivery in cl psychiatry. it finally provided some explanation about the status of psychosomatic medicine and cl psychiatry in germany as a different model in ...

background and aims: the most important risk factors threatening health of young people include improper diet, inactivity, smoking, intentional and accidental damages, drugs, aids/hiv and psychiatric disorders. considering increased risky behaviors among teens during 2 last decades, it was decided to evaluate the effects of education and consultation roles in relation to health risks on perform...

introduction: the rate of access to health care is known as the main index of community health. teleconsultation is defined as using comminuting equipments to connect physicians and patients. this study aimed to survey the readiness of specialized hospitals to implement teleconsultation, focusing on manpower readiness, as well as communicational equipments and procedures. methods: the present d...

This paper develops a model of career concerns. As in Holmström (1999), a worker’s productive abilities are revealed over time through output, and wages are based on expected output, and so on assessed ability. Specifically, work increases the probability that a skilled worker achieves an observable breakthrough. It is shown that effort at different times are strategic substitutes. As as result...

In many industries workers face a choice between high and low visibility jobs. The former let all potential employers observe performance, the latter only the current employer. This paper argues that workers getting a positive initial signal about their talent are willing to incur costs to work in high visibility jobs in order to avoid a hold up problem with the current employer in the second p...