The tumor suppressor gene p53 is frequently mutated in cigarette smoke (CS)-related lung cancer. The p53 binding pattern of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) found in CS coincides with the p53 mutational pattern found in lung cancer, and PAHs have thus been considered to be major culprits for lung cancer. However, compared with other carcinogenic compounds, such as aldehydes,...

CYP1A1 and 1A2 play critical roles in the metabolic activation of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heterocyclic aromatic amines/amides (HAAs), respectively, to electrophilic reactive intermediates, leading to toxicity and cancer. CYP1As are highly inducible by PAHs and halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons via aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated gene transcription. The impact...

Ingestion of contaminated soil is an exposure pathway at approximately one-half of the Superfund sites in the United States. This study was designed to evaluate the impacts of aging in soil on the availability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Two coal tar (CT)-amended soils were prepared. One was aged for 270 days and the other was not aged. Both of these treatments were incorporated...

To assess the contribution of carcinogenic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in ambient air, EU Directive 2004/107/EC indicates to monitor relevant PAHs PM10 fraction other than benzo(a)pyrene at a limited number measurement sites. This indication refers outdoor environments, and environmental air quality being taken as reference also for indoors, it can be extended indoor environments. I...

There is an increasing concern about the occurrence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the environment as they are ubiquitous in ambient air and some of them are among the strongest known carcinogens. PAHs and their derivatives are produced by the incomplete combustion of organic material arising, partly, from natural combustion such as forest and volcanic eruption, but with the majo...

Molecular and traditional epidemiology studies have indicated a possible relationship between in utero environmental exposures and increased risk for childhood cancers, especially acute leukemias. Chromosomal aberrations have been associated with environmental exposures and cancer risk in adults. In order to more clearly define the association between prenatal exposures to carcinogenic polycycl...

Pollutants derived from diesel exhaust gases are considered harmful to human health. In 2021, 23 million motor vehicles were in use, and cars accounted for 4.07% of them. Strategies involving after-treatment technologies, with gas processing incorporating a selective catalytic reaction (EGP–SCR system) engines, this study. By conducting World Harmonized Transient Cycle (WHTC) under cold start d...

Almost all the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) require metabolic activation to exert their carcinogenic activity. Environmental carcinogen [(3)H] benzo[a]pyrene (BP) is carcinogenic only after its metabolic transformation to a reactive intermediate, which can then bind to cellular macromolecules. Inhibition of dimethylbenz anthracene- (DMBA-) DNA binding generally accompanied inhibition...

Abstract Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in atmospheric particulate matter have adverse effects on human health, yet total PAH concentrations should overestimate the toxicity compared to bioavailable amount of PAHs. To explore this hypothesis, we measured PAHs oral bioavailability vitro with aerodynamic diameter lower than 10 µm (PM ) using a test that mimics digestive system. This assa...