A low pressure carbon molecular sieve (CMS) membrane based process to upgrade biogas from anaerobic digestion of agricultural waste to a substitute natural gas (SNG) has been tested on a pilot scale. The data extracted from the pilot plant was used to estimate membrane permeance and ideal selectivity of the CO2/CH4 gas pair. Four semi-commercial modules were tested. The results show that by usi...

Abstract Background The role of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in the prognostic evaluation heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is powerful and well-established. Nevertheless, value CPET predicting left ventricular inotropic reserve HFrEF remains unknown. Purpose investigation possible associations between variables contractile patients HFrEF. Methods Consecutive aged ...

Background: In addition to cerebral hemodynamics in a resting condition also the cerebral hemodynamics can be investigated after a challenge. This challenge can also be called stress-test and the parameter that is measured is often called cerebrovascular reserve or cerebrovascular reactivity. To investigate the Cerebrovascular reserve two things are needed: first a measurement method that can q...

Goldsmith and Karotkin' researched the history of assisted ventilation and found that a record of mouth to mouth methods goes back to Old Testament times, and Hippocrates himself reported his experience with tracheal intubation to support pulmonary function. These skills were ignored for about 2000 years as it was not until the 16th century that attention was again paid to this subject when bel...

A methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma was transplanted in adult weight-stable mice. The relationship between sponta neous food intake and tumor growth, body composition, and host metabolism was studied. Tumor-bearing animals decreased their spontaneous food intake gradually from the day when the tumor became palpable (5 to 7 days) until reaching 50 to 60% of their initial intake 7 to 8 days late...

Measurement of the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) is an important parameter in the evaluation of cerebral function. With positron emission tomography (PET) rCBF has predominantly been quantified using the short-lived radiotracer oxygen-15 labelled water (H 2 15 O) and an adaptation of the Kety one-tissue compartment autoradiographic model. The values attained in putative grey matter, howev...

Photosynthesis in plants converts the energy of sunlight into chemical energy. Although photosynthesis involves many proteins and catalytic processes, it often is described as two sets of reactions: the light-dependent reactions and the carbonfixing reactions. Plants do not have a monopoly on photosynthesis, which also occurs in other photosynthetic eukaryotes and several species of bacteria. I...

Since STILLING proposed in 1892 that the carotid body contains cells which become brown after treatment in potassium dichromate, the chromaffinity of the carotid body has long been a matter of dispute (for a detailed discussion, see ADAMS 1958). The occurrence of catecholamines in every glomus cell has recently been identified by pharmacological and fluorescence methods (RAHN 1961, NIEMI and OJ...

In 1930 Delrue (1) reported that the isolated gastric mucosa of the frog, when mounted properly in a dual-chambered bath, will secrete acid and will respond to the addition of drugs. The same author subsequently demonstrated (2) the effects of varying the ionic composition of the artificial medium on the in vitro production of acid. The theoretical importance of this approach to the study of th...

Rhytidectomy is a surgery of balance and judgment. The goal is to create a refreshed and natural look by lifting the midcheek and jowl tissues and by smoothing the neck bands and excess skin. Facial aging, however, is only partially explained by gravity and descent of facial and neck tissues. Fat compartments in the face atrophy, bone remodels, and the skin undergoes chronological and photoagin...