The aim of this study was to assess the erosive potential of some soft drinks commonly consumed in Nigeria. A range of popular carbonated drinks (cola and non-cola) and fruit juices were selected. On two occasions, the followings were determined; (1) the pH, measured by a digital pH meter on opening of the packaging can or bottle. (2) The volume of 1.0M sodium hydroxide required to raise the pH...

In this paper, we propose a simple method for simulating the generation, growth and motion of bubbles in carbonated water. Bubbles are known to be generated at small air pockets on the surfaces of objects, such as a glass or a stirrer, and on the microscopic dusts in carbonated water. The number of bubbles and their growth rates differ according to the materials of the objects. In addition, the...

We suggest a new explanation for the presence of crustally derived zircons in the upper-mantle rocks of ophiolitic complexes, as an alternative to subduction-related models. Integrated isotopic (U-Pb, Hf, and O isotopes) and trace-element data for zircons from the Tumut ophiolitic complex (southeast Australia) indicate that these grains are related to granitic magmatism and were introduced into...

Bezoars are concretion of undigested material found in the upper alimentary tract, particularly the stomach. Physiologic disturbances such as gastrointestinal dysmotility or anatomical derangements have been described as contributory in most cases of pharmacobezoars. Gastric phamacobezoars can be treated with endoscopic fragmentation or surgery. Gastric lavage with carbonated beverage has been ...

The SAPICO2 project is an INTERREG IVA cross channel collaboration established to develop new technologies utilising accelerated carbonation for the creation of eco-construction materials from solid wastes. Over three phases, the project has identified carbon dioxide reactivity of solid wastes, produced prototype-construction materials (from these wastes), and manufactured bulk samples of carbo...

We use rich brand level retail data to demonstrate that the firm size distribution in Carbonated Soft Drinks is mainly an outcome of the degree to which firms own a portfolio of brands across segments of the market, and not from performance within segments. In addition, while the number of firms in each segment is limited by segment size relative to sunk cost and competition in a segment, idios...

Carbonated bupivacaine, plain bupivacaine hydrochloride, and bupivacaine hydrochloride with adrenaline were used to provide epidural analgesia for patients undergoing vaginal hysterectomy. Following injection to the blood concentrations of bupivacaine were measured at intervals over a period of 30 minutes. All three preparations produced satisfactory analgesia at a bupivacaine dose of 1.5 mg/kg...