Using two complimentary approaches (pore water advection/diffusion/ reaction modeling and stable isotope mass balance calculations) we show that carbonate dissolution/reprecipitation occurs on early diagenetic time scales across a broad range of sediments on the Great Bahamas Bank. The input of oxygen into the sediments, which strongly controls sediment carbonate dissolution, has two major sour...

Calcification by coral reef communities is estimated to account for half of all carbonate produced in shallow water environments and more than 25 % of the total carbonate buried in marine sediments globally. Production of calcium carbonate by coral reefs is therefore an important component of the global carbon cycle; it is also threatened by future global warming and other global change pressur...

In this study, calcium carbonate crystals were obtained by mixing of calcium chloride and sodium carbonate in the presence of biopolymer, carboxymethyl inulin (CMI). The effect of the feed rate of reactant and the initial [Ca] concentration was investigated. The produced calcium carbonate (CaCO3) crystals were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spect...

The long-term success of coral reefs depends on a positive balance of calcium carbonate production exceeding dissolution, erosion, and material export. As a result of ocean acidification, coral reefs could transition from net accretion to net erosion owing to decreasing rates of calcification and increasing rates of chemical dissolution and bioerosion. Here, I present a fundamental paradigm tha...

BACKGROUND Lanthanum carbonate (FOSRENOL(®), Shire Pharmaceuticals) is an effective non-calcium, non-resin phosphate binder for the treatment of hyperphosphataemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this study, we used a rat model of chronic renal failure (CRF) to examine the long-term effects of controlling serum phosphorus with lanthanum carbonate treatment on the biochemical a...

The rate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide has been measured in aqueous, concentrated (0.1–1M) reagent-grade sodium carbonate liquors and compared with that in sodium hydroxide liquors at the same pH, temperature, and ionic strength. Over the ranges of temperature (303–323 K), pH (10.0–10.6), and ionic strength (1.5–3.0M), and without peroxide-stabilizing additives, hydrogen peroxide decomp...

The Eocene-Oligocene transition (EOT), ~34Ma, marks a tipping point in the long-term Cenozoic greenhouse to icehouse climate transition. Paleorecords reveal stepwise rapid cooling and ice growth across the EOT tightly coupled to a transient benthic δC excursion and a major and permanent deepening of the carbonate compensation depth (CCD). Based on biogeochemical box modeling, Merico et al. (200...

Analysis of 171 samples taken from the Neogene cohesive soils of the Southeastern edge of the Granada basin shows inverse correlation between carbonate content and dispersion index and swelling behaviour and direct correlations between carbonate content and shear strength. This paper shows that carbonate content and clay fraction activity have a great influence on the compaction characteristics...

In this study, we developed a metal-free biosynthetic strategy of enzymatic polymerization to fabricate aliphatic poly(pentamethylene carbonate) (PPMC). Novozym-435 lipase showed considerably high catalytic efficiency, and high molecular weights (Mn) of up to 6.0 104 g mol 1 were readily achieved through the ring-opening polymerization of cyclobis(pentamethylene carbonate). The reaction paramet...

Calcium carbonate is an abundant substance that can be created in several mineral forms by the reaction of dissolved carbon dioxide in water with calcium ions. Through biomineralization, organisms can harness and control this process to form various functional materials that can act as anything from shells through to lenses. The early stages of calcium carbonate formation have recently attracte...