In exposure or risk assessments, both environmental and biological measurements are often used. Environmental measurements are an excellent means for evaluating regulatory compliance, but the models used to estimate body burden from these measurements are complex. Unless all possible routes of exposure (i.e., inhalation, dermal absorption, ingestion) are evaluated, exposure to a toxicant can be...

The susceptibility of local head lice to permethrin, sumithrin, deltamethrin, and carbaryl was determined by laboratory bioassays in field-collected colonies. Head lice collected from the infested heads of children 6-12 yr old were tested within 3 h of collection. The longest survival of control insects in the laboratory was obtained by keeping them in the dark at 18 degrees C and 70-80% RH. Th...

The aim of the present study was to observe the effect of seasonal variations (abiotic factors) on the toxicity of carbaryl to L. acuminata. In each month during the year 2006-2007, the 24h LC50 values of the molluscicide carbaryl were determined in an out-door study with the snail Lymnaea acuminata, with concomitant estimation of levels of abiotic factors viz., temperature, pH, dissolved oxyge...

Consumption of pesticide contaminated vegetables pose a major threat to public health. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with a Photo Diode Array detector (PDA) was used to determine two organochlorines (methoxychlor and DDT), seven organophosphorus (acephate, chlorpyrifos, fenthion, fenitrothion, malathion, parathion, and ethion), two carbamate (carbaryl and carbofuran) and one pyr...

Complete mineralization of the N-methylcarbamate insecticide carbofuran, including mineralization of the aromatic moiety, appears to be confined to sphingomonad isolates. Here, we report the first draft genome sequence of such a sphingomonad strain, i.e., Novosphingobium sp. KN65.2, isolated from carbofuran-exposed agricultural soil in Vietnam.

In this work, a correlation study of monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and a liquid chromatography–electrospray mass spectrometric (HPLC/ESI/MS/MS) method for the determination of N-methylcarbamate insecticides carbofuran, carbaryl and methiocarb in fruit baby food is presented. The comparison of performance characteristics of the two methods was carried out ...

Fifteen pesticides were tested in laboratory bioassays on Galendromus occidentalis (Nesbitt), the principal phytoseiid mite predator in Washington apple orchards. We developed a rating system for pesticides using lethal and sublethal effects, and applied the rating system to our results. At the 1 dose, only spinetoram and lambda-cyhalothrin caused >75% acute mortality of females. Carbaryl, azin...

We previously found that carbamate pesticides induced significant apoptosis in human natural killer cells. To investigate whether carbamate pesticides also induce apoptosis in human T lymphocytes, in the present study Jurkat human T cells were treated in vitro with thiram, maneb, carbaryl or ziram. Apoptosis was determined by FITC-Annexin-V/PI staining. To explore the mechanism of apoptosis, in...

Mixtures of the pesticides carbaryl and thiabendazole were studied using solid phase spectrophosphorimetry at room temperature with Whatman No. 4 filter-paper as solid support and Pb(ii) as enhancer of the phosphorescence. The transmitted phosphorescence was used as an analytical signal and its measurement was performed by placing the paper containing the sample between two quartz plates. In th...